IDENTIFYING IDEOLOGY

“I worked my way up from poverty to become

the successful business owner I am today. I
get frustrated when I think that my tax
money goes to support people who won’t
help themselves. I think part of the blame
belongs with the media – they promote all
the wrong values

“I really don’t care what other people do in

their free time, as long as they don’t bother
me. I sure don’t like it when the government
tells me what to do with my money or in my
own home – I’m certainly not going to turn
around and do the same thing to my
neighbors.
 IDENTIFYING IDEOLOGY
“I really worry about the state of the world
today. It seems like more and more kids are
growing up in poverty and there’s no one
there to help them. I think we need to do
more toward providing healthcare and
education programs for our young people.”

“These days, you can’t be too careful. I think

we need to spend a lot more money on the
national defense. I wish there was a police
officer on every corner? The police could
search my car all they want, since I don’t
break the law. I also think the government
should crack down on the media – their
reporting gives our enemies an inside look at
COMMUNISM
Communism is a term that can refer to
one of several things: a certain social
system, an ideology which supports
that system, or a political movement
that wishes to implement that
system.

As a theoretical social system,

communism would be a type of
egalitarian society with no state, no
private property and no social
classes.
MARX’S MATERIALIST CONCEPTION OF HISTORY
The best-known form of communism is Marxism and its various
derivatives (most notably Marxism-Leninism).
TOTALITARIANISM
Is a political system where
the state (in the hands of
perhaps one person or a
small group/party)
controls almost
everything in its territory.
All freedom is removed,
and all subjects are under
control of the authority. It
is a ‘total system’ of
control. • It establishes
its rule by ideological
manipulation (controlling
the minds of its subjects),
terror and brutality
 A TOTALITARIAN STATE
 Government in Communist states must have absolute control, hence, they
are Totalitarian Dictatorships.
 According to the communist, the individual has no ‘rights’ as such, but
derives his or her rights from society as a whole; the individual fulfils
herself or himself through service to the state.
 Democratic centralism as laid down by Lenin was to be followed:
 Power was to be concentrated in the hands of a small group which
would be able to control the elected bodies below it.
 The system would be democratic, in that the population at large would
elect by universal suffrage members of committees, unions and other
organizations (although the choice of candidate was controlled)
 It would be centralist, in that all of these bodies and organizations
would be controlled by the Communist Party.
 In theory, as the population was drawn further and further into the
management of economic and cultural matters, there would come a time
when the state apparatus would disappear.
 But in a large country such as the USSR this was impossible to
implement.
PASSAGE BY DOWER AND RIDDELL WHO PRODUCED BOOKS OF POLITICAL
SATIRE DURING THE 1930S AND 1940S
CAPITALISM

• Is an economic
system that is
focused on profit,
and the major
part of production
is privately owned
• Goods and
services are
created in order
to generate profit
 ECONOMIC GROWTH

Belief in the idea of

economic growth, so
that all people increase
their material wealth
(best seen in the pie
example below) and
become better off, no
matter their position in
the economy. If all
people are concerned
with increasing their
 THE ‘MARKET’

The market is seen to be the

defining mechanism in ordering
society. In this sense, „the
market‟ refers to the procedure of
selling and buying goods in
general (and anywhere), not
necessarily a physical market like
Preston Market! The market
procedure is a way where people
bring their goods to sell to
consumers, and it is thought that
NATIONALISM

A firm belief in the idea that

the „nation‟ should be the
central principle of political
organization
ENVIRONMENTALISM

A belief that nature is the

most important focus of
social organization
FEMINISM– THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF
GENDER
Important ideology that
changed the focus of
ideology from looking
at the public to the
private sphere. That
is, rather than looking
at the politics of the
state level, they
started to look at the
politics of the
individual. Key to this
was looking at the
power relationship
that exists between
men and women.
FEMINISM

• Use of the concept of

„patriarchy‟ to describe
the power relationship
between men and women
• Made a distinction
between the idea of „sex‟
and „gender‟: sex is a
biological term defined by
birth, whereas gender is a
cultural term which
FEMINISM – GENDER IN POLITICS

Relationship between
knowledge and power
– Knowledge has been
created by men, and it is
about men
– Feminist focus on social
relations, particularly
gender relations
• Seeing a political system
constituted by socially
 RD
O
W
1
C S
P I
4
ANARCHISM
CONSERVATISM
SOCIALISM
LIBERALISM
FASCISM
NAME DIFFERENT KNOWN ORGANIZATION IN
THE PHILIPPINES
WHAT POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES THEY BELONG?

1. National Democratic Front

(NDF) -1973 2.
2. Malayang Kilusan ng
Bagong Kababaihan
(MAKIBAKA)-
3. Opus Dei (Work of God)-
Philosophical Association of
the Philippines-
Slogan-making:
each group create your own slogan
based on political ideology you
belong.
Criteria:
Craftsmanship 10points
Creativity 5 points
Originality 5 points
 QUIZ- 1 WHOLE SHEET OF PAPER
“Compare and Contrast”
Political Similarities Differences
Ideologies
1. Liberalism
2. Conservatism
3. Socialism
4. Fascism
5. Anarchism
6. Communism
7. Totalitarianism
8. Capitalism
9. Nationalism
10.Environmentalis
m
11.Feminism
ASSIGNMENT

Interview a politician in
your community
regarding their
advocacy and belief.
Based on his/her
advocacy and belief,
identify the kind of
ideology that he/she
believes in. Write your