SEMINAR ON

RIVER SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

BY
DEBANJAN SARKAR
CLASS: BCE III
ROLL-001610401015

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

DR. GUPINATH BHANDARI
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY
 INTRODUCTION

• Sediment is any matter that can be transported by fluid flow and eventually
deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a water body.

• Silt, gravel or even large boulders are detached from the bed or side slopes of
the river and swept by moving water.
  MODES OF
TRANSPORT
The sediment load of a river is transported in majorly 2 ways :
1. Bed Load
2. Suspended load

Total load= Bed load +Suspended load

 BED
LOAD
Bed load is that type of load in which sediment moves
along the bed with occasional jumps.

SUSPENDED LOAD
Suspended load is the one in which the material is
maintained in suspension due to the turbulence of water.
 TRANSPORT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF
SEDIMENT LOAD
  MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD

• We generally use Suspended Sediment Rating Curves for routine

measurement of suspended load in rivers. This curve is based on the
empirical correlation between sediment concentration and discharge
, , where P>1 .
• A typical suspended sediment rating curve is shown below :
 BED LOAD MEASUREMENT
• Bed load in rivers are generally measured using Bed load pits or traps .
The operation principle illustrated below
  BED
FORMS
• The river bed may form various shapes depending upon the
velocity of moving water.

• At low velocities the bed does not move at all , but it goes
forming different shapes as the velocity increases. Ripples ,
dunes , anti dunes and different types of irregularities are
formed as the velocity gradually increases.
 SEDIMENT BED FORMATION
  IMPELLING FORCES FOR
SEDIMENT ENTRAINMENT

• The critical shear stress or average tractive force(per unit

wetted area) for sediment particles to move is
• The unit tractive force is not uniformly distributed along the
wetted perimeter.
• A typical distribution of shear stress(unit tractive force) on a
trapezoidal section is shown in the figure below
SHIELDS ENTRAINMENT FUNCTION
• According to Shield , the bed particle begins to move when the
drag force exerted by a particle just equals or exeeds the
resistance offered by the particle against its movement.
• He introduced a function named Shield’s entrainment function
and usually denoted by Fs where
• Fs=

• Fs is a function of Reynold’s number(Re) at critical stage of bed

movement and based on the experimental work done by Shield.
Graphs have been plotted between Fs and Re , which is shown in
the figure below
• Study of the Fe vs Re graph becomes easier when particle Reynold’s number
is more than 400 i.e. when grain size exeeds 6 mm , such as for coarse
alluvium soils . In this case Fs becomes constant and equal to 0.056.
• So, (for d >6mm)

• From this function we obtain the relation , where

• d= Diameter of the particle

• R= Hydraulic mean radius of the channel
• S= Bed slope
• O

Effects of
sediment
transport in
river

Scouring Deposition

Creating
sharp Formatio
Changin Affecting
ends and n of
g flood navigatio
irregular natural
levels n
curves levees
 CONCLUSIO
N
• THE PHENOMENON OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN RIVERS CAUSRE LARGE SCALE
SCOURING AND SILTATION IN RIVERS. SO THE DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF FLOOD
CONTROL SCHEME IS CHIEFLY GOVERNED BY THE PEAK FLOOD LEVELS , WHICH IN
TURN DEPENDS ON THE SCOUR AND DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENT. THIS SCOURING
AND SILTATION MAY ALSO CAUSE SHARP AND IRREGULAR CURVES IN THE RIVERS.
THE NAVIGATION MAY BE AFFECTED BECAUSE OF THIS PHENOMENON.
• SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ,THUS CREATS NUMOROUS PROBLEMS ,AND POSSESES
GREAT IMPORTANCE AND REQUIRES ENOUGH POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT.

REFERENCES
• 1.SANTOSH KUMAR GARG :IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES
2. WILLIAMS, G.P. : SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION VERSUS WATER DISCHARGE DURING
SINGLE HYDROLOGIC EVENTS IN RIVERS.
•  
THANK YOU