Organizational

Culture
Group 3
ARIEF HAKIM P. LUBIS
INDRA IRMAWAN
RAHMA LIESTAFIANI
 What is culture?
E. B Tylor (1871):
“That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals,
law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man
as a member society”

What is organizational culture?

Elliott Jaques (1952):
“The culture of the factory is its customary and traditional way of thinking
doing of things, which is shared to a greater or lesser degree by all its
members, and which new members must learn, and at least partially accept, in
order to be accepted into service in the firm”

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 Cultures and Subcultures

Societal culture

Organizational
Organizational Cultures
(Societal Subcultures)
Subultures

(John Van Maanen and Stephen Barley)

3
 Subcultures

based on similarity based on familiarity

(John Van Maanen and Stephen Barley)

4
 Subcultures
Caren Siehl and Joanne Martin:

Corporate
culture Enhanching

Orthogonal Counterculture

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Modernist
Perspective
Geert Hofstede : National cultural influences on
organizations

Edgar Schein : Three levels of culture

 National cultural influences on organizations

Organization influence the local Organization culture clashes with local culture

(Geert Hofstede )
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 National cultural influences on organizations

Power
Distance

Uncertainty
avoidance

Individualism
vs collectivism

Masculine
vs feminine

Long-term
vs short-term

(Geert Hofstede )
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 Three levels of culture

3
Artifact
Values
s
and 2

Norms
1
Basic
Assumptions

(Edgar Schein)
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 Symbolic
“
Perspective
The symbolic perspective defines culture as a context for meaning
making and interpretation in which cultural understanding permits
you to know an organization and the various uses made of its
physical, behavioural, and verbal symbols.

Grounded Theory : empirical observations

Ethnomethodology : symbolic culture studies
Ethnography : symbolic human
behaviour

(Anselm Straus & Harold Garfinkel)

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 Organizational stories and storytelling
The Uniqueness Paradox in Organizational Stories

•What happens when a higher status person breaks a rule?

•Is the big boss human?
•Can a little person rise to the top?
•What will get someone fired?
•What happens when the organization asks someone to move?
•How will the boss react to mistakes?
•How will the organization deal with obstacles?

The Uniqueness Paradox in Organizational Stories

(Joanne Martin, etc)
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 Narrative

Perspective Voice

Reflexivity
(Alasdair MacIntyre)
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 Basic Element of Narrative Theory

(Genette)
13
 Postmoderni
sm
Intertextuality: derives from the
assumption that no text
exists in isolation

(Julia Kristeva)
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 Culture as Fragmentation

Unity Differentiation

(Debra Meyerson and Joanne Martin)

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 Deconstructing organizational culture

Deconstructive readings:
The possibilities of dominance and other forms of power
without the necessity to settle the matter of which
interpretation wins.

(Martin)
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 Culture and change: A return to the normative

Modern perspective: Culture as control 

Symbolic perspectives on change: Culture as

strategy and identity

Postmodern perspective: A different normativity

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 The dynamics of organizational culture

(Gagliardi)
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 Perspective in Organizational Culture
Modern Symbolic- Postmodern
Interpretive
Meta narrative Local narratives Contested narratives

Organizational identity Context for making Simulacra and

meaning & identities no shared meaning
Organizational Multiple Intertextuality
stories & heroes stories & interpretations
Unity and coherence Webs of meaning Power struggles
of values & norms & fragmentation
Communicated through Reconstructed in interactions Masks silences
stories & symbols & marginalized group

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 CASE STUDY
KASUS PEMECATAN KARYAWAN GOOGLE
Pemecatan ini adalah akibat dari penulisan memo “Google’s Ideological
Echo Chamber” oleh karyawan Google, dimana karyawan tersebut
mengkritik Google menekankan focus pada keberagaman gender dan ras.
Menurut James Damore (karyawan yang dipecat) seharusnya Google lebih
focus pada keberagaman ideologis.
J. Damore dipecat oleh Google karena dianggap anti-keberagaman yang
melanggar kode etik perusahaan.
Pada saat manifesto tersebut disebarkan di internal Google, isu gender dan
keberagaman sedang menjadi sorotan di Silicon Valley (lokasi kantor pusat
Google).

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 Thank You

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