Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Governmental
Entities:
Special Funds and
Government-wide
Financial Statements
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objective 1
18-2
Big Picture
18-4
The Governmental Funds:
General Fund (#1 of 5)
General rule:
All activities should be accounted for in the
general fund unless specifically required by law
or
The nature of the activities is proprietary or
fiduciary.
We discussed the general fund in chapter 17.
18-5
The Governmental Funds:
Special Revenue Funds (#2 of 5)
Purpose: To account for the proceeds of specific
revenue sources that are legally restricted to
expenditure for specific purposes.
With the exception of inflows for Capital projects and
Expendable trusts.
Includes resources and expenditures for operations, such as
public libraries, when a separate tax is levied for their
support.
Inflows: Usually from specific taxes or nontax sources
not directly related to services provided.
A General Fund “clone”—identical accounting.
Thus, we don’t discuss them in detail here.
18-6
Governmental Funds Worksheets
18-7
Worksheet for the Balance Sheet for the
Governmental Funds
18-8
Worksheet for the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and
Changes in Fund Balances for the Governmental Funds
18-9
Practice Quiz Question #1
Which of the following statements is true
about fund accounting?
a. An enterprise fund is an example of
fiduciary fund.
b. Most transactions of a state or municipal
government are accounted for in the
general fund.
c. A capital projects fund is an example of
proprietary fund.
d. Most transactions of a state or municipal
government are accounted for in the
internal service fund.
18-10
Learning Objective 2
18-11
The Governmental Funds:
Capital Projects Funds (#3 of 5)
Purpose: To account for financial resources
used for the acquisition or construction of
major capital facilities
Except for those financed by:
Proprietary Funds and
Trust Funds
18-12
The Governmental Funds:
Capital Projects Funds (#3 of 5)
A temporary fund related to the acquisition
or construction of a specific capital project.
At the completion of the project:
The fund is closed and
The project ’s cost is recorded as a capital asset
in the GCA-GLTL general ledger.
Outflows: Costs incurred during construction are
charged to expenditures.
Inflows: Bond sales and transfers from the
General Fund.
18-13
GCA-GLTL General Ledger
18-15
Practice Quiz Question #2
18-17
The Governmental Funds:
Debt Service Funds (#4 of 5)
Purpose: To account for the servicing of debt initially
recorded as a liability in the GCA-GLTL general ledger.
“Servicing of Debt” is the payment of
(1) interest and
(2) debt principal at maturity.
The accounting is the same as for the general fund.
Unusual Features:
Interest is not accrued until the due date.
Principal payments are not recorded as liabilities until the
due date.
18-18
Debt Service Funds
18-19
Special Assessments
18-21
General Capital Assets
Categories of Assets
Land
Buildings
Improvements other than buildings
Equipment
Construction work in progress (being performed
by Capital Projects Funds)
Infrastructure assets (see next slide)
18-22
General Capital Assets: Infrastructure Assets
18-23
General Capital Assets: Post-capitalization
Periods
Depreciation is mandatory—
except for certain infrastructure
assets:
Depreciation Expense is never
reported in the operating statement
of governmental funds.
It is reported only in the two
government-wide statements.
Sales of Assets: record proceeds as
other financing sources in General
Fund.
18-24
General Long-term Liabilities
Liquidation of GLTL
Debt Issuance Liabilities: at the maturity date,
the liability is transferred to a Debt Service Fund.
Nondebt Issuance Liabilities: at the payment
date, the liability is transferred to the General
Fund.
Note that the GLTL is not removed from the
GCA-GLTL general ledger when it becomes a
current liability (due within 12 months).
18-26
Practice Quiz Question #3
18-28
The Governmental Funds:
Permanent Funds (#5 of 5)
Permanent Funds:
Are established when there is a donor restriction
requiring that
the fund principal be preserved and
the income from these permanent funds be used
to benefit the government’s programs or its
general citizenry.
The accounting for permanent funds is similar
to that of the general fund.
18-29
Practice Quiz Question #4
18-31
Governmental Funds Financial Statements
18-32
Governmental Funds Financial Statements
Major funds must be reported in separate columns
GASB 34 specifies that the general fund is always a major
fund.
Major funds: revenues, expenditures or expenses,
assets, or liabilities >=
10% of the total for their fund category or type (governmental
or enterprise) and
5% of the aggregate amount for all governmental and
enterprise funds
Nonmajor funds are
Aggregated and reported in a separate column (labeled “other
governmental funds”).
18-33
Practice Quiz Question #5
18-34
Learning Objective 6
18-35
The Proprietary Funds: Enterprise Funds
18-38
The Financial Statements of Proprietary Funds
18-39
The Financial Statements of Proprietary Funds
18-40
The Financial Statements of Proprietary Funds
18-41
The Financial Statements of Proprietary Funds
18-42
The Financial Statements of Proprietary Funds
18-43
Practice Quiz Question #7
Which of the following statements is true
about the financial reporting of proprietary
funds?
a. The financial statements are identical to
those of the general fund.
b. Proprietary funds do not need to meet
the 10% or 5% tests to be major funds .
c. Enterprise funds are always major funds.
d. Internal service funds are not required
to provide a statement of cash flows.
e. Proprietary funds provide financial
statements very similar to those of
commercial businesses.
18-44
Learning Objective 8
18-45
The Proprietary Funds: Internal Service Funds
18-48
The Fiduciary Funds
18-49
The Fiduciary Funds: Trust Funds
18-50
The Fiduciary Funds: Trust Funds
18-51
The Fiduciary Funds: Trust Funds
18-52
Practice Quiz Question #9
18-53
Learning Objective 10
18-54
The Fiduciary Funds: Agency Funds
Agency Funds serve as conduits for the
transfer of money.
This role is purely custodial in nature.
Since the assets belong to someone else,
assets always equal liabilities.
A = L
The following items do not exist for agency
funds:
A fund balance/equity
An operating statement
18-55
The Fiduciary Funds: Agency Funds
Agency funds account for resources held by a governmental
unit as a custodial agent for
individuals,
private organizations,
other funds, or
other governmental units.
Agency funds use the accrual basis of accounting.
The financial statement for agency funds is the statement of
fiduciary net assets.
18-56
Practice Quiz Question #10
18-58
The Government Reporting Model
18-59
The Government Reporting Model
18-60
The Government Reporting Model
18-61
The Government Reporting Model
18-62
The Government Reporting Model
18-63
The Government Reporting Model
18-66
The Comprehensive Annual Financial Report
18-67
Government-wide Statement of Net Assets
18-68
Government-wide Statement of Activities
18-69
Practice Quiz Question #11
Which of the following is NOT true about the
CAFR?
a. Government-wide financial statements are
similar to the balance sheet and income
statement disclosed by businesses.
b. Government-wide financial statements are
based on the modified accrual basis of
accounting.
c. Since governments provide the two
government-wide financial statements, they
are not required to provide fund statements.
d. Governmental reporting requires a
government-wide statement of cash flows.
18-70
Learning Objective 12
18-71
The Government Reporting Model
Reconciliation schedules
Required to reconcile the net change in the total
amounts reported on the governmental funds
statements with the amounts reported on the
government-wide statements
Reconciliation schedule for Statement of Net Assets
Reconciliation schedule for Statement of Activities
Budgetary comparison schedule
This should be presented as required supplementary
information for the general fund and for each special
revenue fund that has a legally adopted annual budget.
18-72
The Government Reporting Model
18-73
The Government Reporting Model
Interim reporting
Governmental entities generally are not required
to publish interim reports, although many
prepare monthly or quarterly reports
Internal management control instrument
Auditing governmental entities
Most entities are audited annually
Different from the audit of a commercial entity
Single Audit Act of 1984
18-74
Additional Considerations
18-75
Practice Quiz Question #12
Which of the following is true about
required supplemental disclosures of
governmental entities?
a. Governments are autonomous and need
not provide any specific disclosures.
b. The CAFR must include management
discussion and analysis.
c. No one reads governmental financial
reports, so it doesn’t really matter what
is disclosed.
d. Governments must provide quarterly
interim reports as part of the CAFR.
18-76