The Importance of values and

modernization
• By the mid-1960’s, local social scientists had already picked up the language of
modernization, urbanization and economic development.
• Modernization was the special sphere of the social scientist since this term dealt mainly with
changes in the institutional framework or in short changes in value orientations
• Modernization required the learning of new ways of dealing with people, of new relationships,
and modern organizational systems.
Urban problems as a function of
urbanization
• Urbanization naturally carries with the attendant problems of overcrowding, blight, criminality
and the deterioration of basic services in the transitional areas of the city.

• “Coping mechanisms” as the basic element of the “culture of poverty”