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Assessment of risk factors for oral squamous cell and association with
socio economic status and frequency of intake of carcinogenic agents.

Submitted By …….
Jyotie Malakar
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma, the fifth most common cancer worldwide, is a major cause of
morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh The effect of lifestyle factors, including tobacco chewing,
smoking and alcohol drinking, diet and dental care, on the risk of oral cancer was investigated in a
Convergent Mixed Research Design conducted in Mymenshing Medical College Hospital (Dental
Unit) Mymenshing, Bangladesh during the period 2018. The study included 200 patients . All
respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that contained data on family history
of cancer, tobacco habits, use of alcohol, frequency, duration, cessation of these habits, dietary
practices and oral hygiene.
Introduction
Oral health is very important part of human health and cannot lead healthy life without it. A good
oral health enables a person to eat, speak and socialize without active diseases, discomfort or
embarrassment. Many general diseases are first indication of poor oral health and one of them is oral
cancer. Oral cancer is very disastrous disease that affects many people each year all over the world
and it is the eleventh most dominant cancer in the world according to the World Health Organization
(WHO). Oral cancer mostly affects in the area of lips, tongue, mouth, salivary glands and
oropharynx.

In Bangladesh more than 7000 people are newly diagnosed each year and among them 6.6% people
are died due to their life style and other factors including tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol
drinking, diet and maintenance of dental or oral hygiene . People with lower socio-economic status
or poverty are less aware about the oral health and the consequences of taking carcinogenic agents
for a long time.
 Problem Statement:
A) Justification:
The people of lower socio-economic conditions are not aware of oral cancer. They don’t
want to spend money on screening oral cancer until the lesion is already developed and the
situation becomes unbearable. It is seen that people with higher socio-economic conditions
are more aware . For this reason, people with lower income or lower socio-economic
conditions suffer more from oral cancer. Along with socio economic status, it is also seen
that people with lower socio-economic status are more addicted to pan-masala, cigarettes
and other carcinogenic agents due to their unconsciousness, lac of education and lack of
religious and social morale. So they are more affected by “Oral Cancer”
B) Research Gap:
Previously few studies were done on risk factors of oral cancer but my study will
focus on co-relation socioeconomic status and duration of intake of carcinogens as
risk factors of oral cancer

C) Audience:
 The doctors/ Practitioners

 The portion of risk group who takes carcinogens.

 The health workers.

 The policy maker of the Government.

D) Research Purpose:

 Identifying the association of “Oral Cancer” with socio-economic status and

frequency or duration of intaking carcinogenic agents to develop change in oral
tissues and development of pre cancerous lesion.

 To Aware Mass People, and the policy maker.

E) Research Questions:
 What is the co-relation between socio-economic status and intake of carcinogens
that results in oral cancer ?

 How much time is needed to develop pre-cancerous lesion in oral cavity who
takes carcinogens ?

 People of which socio-economic status are more prone to take oral carcinogenic
agents ?

 Which are the most common oral carcinogenic agents taken by the respondent ?
Literature Review:
Methodology:
Convergent Mixed Research Design

Source of data:
Mymenshing Medical College Dental Unit Outdoor Patients.
Sample:
The patient who came to Mymenshing Medical College Hospital (Dental Unit) OPD.

Sample Size:
200 Patient. (For Qualitative study :10 & Quantitative study :190)

Sampling Method:
Purposive sampling ( patient aged from 30-70 years )

Research Instrument:
 Face-to face questionnaire.
 Observation checklist.
Questionnaire
 What are the main carcinogens taken ?
 How long it’s being taken ?
 What is the educational qualification ?
 How much do the earn a month ?
 What is his/her profession ?
 Are they maintaining oral hygiene ?
 What type of lesion is appeared and examined ?
Data Analysis
Data will be analyzed using SPSS.

References:
References will be given in Harvard style