Presentation On

“Joints in concrete and its types”

Presented To:
Engr. Hafsa
Presented By:
Sami Ullah
Roll No 2010-CE-19
Contents of Presentation

 Joints in concrete

 Types of joints in concrete

 Why are joints constructed

 How to construct joints

 Rules for proper jointing

What Are Joints?
 A building joint is a junction where structural
members meet without applying a static load from one
element to an other element.

 Although concrete expands and contracts with

changes in moisture and temperature the general
overall tendency is to shrink and, therefore, crack.

 Irregular cracks are unsightly and difficult to maintain.

Joints are simply pre-planned cracks.
Joints In Concrete
Joints In Concrete
Types of Joints

Control Joints or Contraction Joints

Isolation Joints or Expansion Joints

Construction Joints
Control Joints or Contraction Joints
 These joints are constructed to create planes of
weakness so that cracks will occur at the desired
location.

 Large flat areas, or long lengths of concrete placed

monolithically, require contraction joints.

 These are commonly referred to as “dummy joints”,

which are place at predetermined points of possible
stress concentration.
 Control Joints or Contraction Joints

 Joints must be perpendicular to the edge and straight.

Control Joints
Isolation / Expansion joints
 They separate or isolate slabs from other parts of the
structure such as walls, footings, or columns, and
driveways and patios from sidewalks, garage slabs,
stairs, light poles and other obstructions.

 They permit movement of the slab and help minimize

cracking caused when such movements are restrained.

 Expansion joints permit volume change movement of

a concrete structure or member.
Isolation / Expansion joints

 Expansion joints should never be less than 1/4″ wide.

 An expansion joint should always be utilized where a

concrete member will join or abut an existing structure of
any type.

 Expansion joints should also be provided in a building

floor slab where the slab abuts walls or footings.

 Sealing of expansion joints is desirable in many outdoor

or industrial/commercial applications.
 Construction joints
 These are joints that are placed at the end of a day’s work.

 In slabs they may be designed to permit movement

and/or to transfer load.

 Often in reinforced concrete a conscious effort is made to

clean the joint and bond the next day’s work.

 Construction joints, unlike expansion and contraction

joints, are no intended to allow for movement of concrete
members.
 Construction joints

 This type of joint is commonly termed as a “cold joint”.

 Quality of a construction joint is directly related to

quality and placement of the concrete.

 This type of joint is a plane surface between two

sections of concrete-concrete placed against concrete
already in place which has hardened to the extent that
consolidation cannot be effected by vibration or re-
vibration.
Why Are Joints Constructed?
Concrete cracks cannot be prevented entirely, but they can be controlled
and minimized by properly designed joints, because:

 Concrete is weak in tension and, therefore, if its natural tendency to

shrink is restrained, tensile stressed develop and cracks are likely to occur.

 At early ages, before the concrete dries out, most cracking is caused by
temperature changes or by the slight contraction that takes place as the
concrete sets and hardens. Later as the concrete dries it will shrink further
and either additional cracks may form or preexisting cracks may become
wider.

 Joints provide relief for the tensile stresses and are less
objectionable than random cracks.
 How to Construct Joints
 Joints must be carefully designed and properly constructed
if uncontrolled cracking of concrete flatwork is to be
avoided. The following recommended practices should be
observed:
 
 The maximum joint spacing in feet should not exceed 2.5
times the thickness in inches. For example in an 8 in. slab
the joints should be no further apart than 20 feet.

 All panels should be square or nearly so. The length

should not exceed 1.5 times the width. L-shaped panels
should be avoided.
How to Construct Joints

The joint groove should have a depth of ¼ the

thickness of the slab, but not less than one inch.
Tooled joints must be run early in the finishing
process and rerun later to assure groove bond has not
occurred.

 Control joints can be tooled during finishing or

sawed with a carborundum blade at an early age.
Sawed joints may not be practical if the concrete is
made with hard aggregate such as quartz gravel or
Follow These Rules for Proper
Jointing
 Plan exact location of all joints before construction

 Provide isolation joints between slabs and columns,

walls and footing, and at junctions of driveways with
walks, curbs or other obstructions.

 Thin joints spaced at frequent intervals are more

effective than thicker joints spaced less frequently.
Any Question??????