FLAME CUTTING

 The common methods used in cutting metal

are oxy gas  flame  cutting,  air  carbon-arc
 cutting,  and plasma-arc cutting. (Keadah
biasa yang diguna dalam pemotongan gas
adalah oxy gas cutting, air carbon arc cutting
dsb)
 The oxygas cutting torch has many uses in
steel- work. (oxygas cutting banyak
digunakan dalam kerja keluli)
oxyacetylene cutting process
 When you use the oxygas torch method to
cut metal, the oxidation of the metal is
extremely rapid and part of the metal actually
burns. (Jika menggunakan kaedah
pemptongan logam dengan oxygas, proses
pengosidaan berlaku dengan cepat dan
sebahagian logam itu akan dibakar)
 When using the oxygas cutting process, you
heat a spot on the metal to the kindling or
ignition temperature (between  1400°F  and
 1600°F  for  steels).{dalam proses
pemotongan oxygas, anda akan membakar
satu titik bahan kepada suhu kindling/ignition
antara  1400°F  dan  1600°F untuk keluli}
 The  term  for this oxygas flame is the
PREHEATING FLAME. {istilah untuk ini
disebut PREHEATING FLAME};
 The oxygen causes a chemical reaction
known as OXIDATION  to take place rapidly
(oksigen bertindakbalas disebut sebagai
pengoksidaan};
 When  oxidation  occurs  rapidly,  it  is  called
COMBUSTION  or BURNING.  When  it
 occurs  slowly, it is known as RUSTING.
{proses pengoksidaan yang laju disebut
sebagai COMBUSTION atau BURNING. Jika
berlaku secara berlahan dipanggil RUSTING}.
 In oxygas cutting, only that portion of
the metal that is in the direct path of
the oxygen jet is oxidized. The narrow
slit/gap, formed in the metal as the
cutting progresses, is called the  kerf
(Kerf adalah cerah yang dibentuk akibat
daripada pemotongan gas terhadap
bahan. Kawalan kerf adalah penting
untuk menghasilkan pemotongan yang
baik)
oxyacetylene cutting
process
four basic requirements for
oxy-fuel cutting
 the ignition temperature of the material must be
lower than its melting point otherwise the material
would melt and flow away before cutting could take
place
 the oxide melting point must be lower than that of
the surrounding material so that it can be
mechanically blown away by the oxygen jet
 the oxidation reaction between the oxygen jet and
the metal must be sufficient to maintain the ignition
temperature
 a minimum of gaseous reaction products should be
produced so as not to dilute the cutting oxygen
FLAME CUTTING
EQUIPMENTS
1. Torch
Most welding torches are designed so
the body of the torch can accept
either welding tips or a cutting
attachment. This type of torch is
called a combination torch (boleh
diguna untuk kerja mengimpal atau
memotong)
One piece oxygas
cutting torch

Cutting  attachment  for

 combination  torch
Common
cutting
torch tips
and their
uses
 Tips

Four cutting-tip conditions

Ocyacetylene gas jet and nozzle design
Propane gas jet and nozzle design
Flame Cutting Processes
 Stack Cutting {Potongan Banyak
lapisan)
 Rivet Cutting (Potongan Rivet)
 Pipe cutting/Pemotongan paip
 Pipe less than 75mm dia. The torch
should be held straight up or down and
moved from the center to each side.
{paip yang kurang drpd 75mm dia.
Torch akan diletak lurus ke atas atau ke
bawah dan bergerak drpd pusat ke
setiap tepi}
 Pipe more than 75 mm the move
around pipe. (Paip melebihi 75 mm dia.
Torch bergerak sekeliling paip}
Bevel cutting/pemotongan
serong
 Must incline your torch to the desired angle.
{mesti mencondongkan torch pada sudut
yang diperlukan).

Using angle iron to

cut bevels on steel
plate
Piercing/cutting hole
(penembusan lubang)
Gouging and Scarfing
 Cutting curved grooves on the edge or
surface of a plate  and  removing  faulty
 welds  for  rewelding  are  additional
uses for the cutting torch. (memotong
lurah yang lengkung pada tepi atau
permukaan sesuatu plat dengan
membuangkan bahagian yang disalah
kimpal atau untuk mengimpal semula.)
Typical  gouging  operation  using  a  low-
velocity cutting jet for better control of
depth and width
Quality of flame cutting
 Ideal Cut Profile : Square edge, smooth
cut surface, underside free of slag,
small drag lines
 Cutting Too Fast :Coarse drag lines at
angle to surface with excessive amount
of slag sticking to bottom edge of plate
 Cause : Oxygen jet trailing with
insufficient oxygen reaching bottom of
the cut
 Too high nozzle to plate
distance :Uneven cut surface with
heavy melting of top edge, coarse drag
lines at bottom cut surface
 Cause : Preheat is not focused on plate
surface, oxygen jet easily disturbed
 Too High Oxygen Flow : Excessive
slag adhering to cut face, local gouging,
excessive top edge melting
 Cause : Turbulence between the
preheat flame and the cutting jet
Torch Guide/bantuan torch
 Jenis mechanical
 Jenis elektrik
 Tracer device
 Multiple torch
 Electric motor-driven carriage being used on straight
track to cut a beveled edge on steel plate.
Electric motor-driven carriage being used
to cut a circle in steel plate