FPH 101

S.Y. 2019-2020
Davila Perona Pineda
 Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, the learner should
be able to:
1. Describe the following Non-Communicable
Diseases (NCDs): Diabetes Mellitus (DM) &
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in terms of:
1.1. Causes & risk factors
1.2. Signs & Symptoms
1.3. Prevention & Control
1.4 Detection
 Kill 41 Million people each year, equivalent
to 71% of all deaths globally
 Cardiovascular Diseases account for most
NCD deaths-17.9 million people annually,
followed by cancers (9.0 million),
respiratory diseases (3.9 million) & diabetes
(1.6 million)
WHO Factsheet of June 2018
 These four groups of diseases account for
over 80% of all premature NCD deaths.
 Tobacco use, physical inactivity, the harmful
use of alcohol & unhealthy diets all increase
the risk of dying from a NCD.
 Detection, screening& treatment of NCDs, as
well as palliative care, are key components
of the response to NCDs.
Most deaths due to ischemic heart diseases
 Non-Communicable
Diseases (NCDs)

 Also known as Chronic ( long duration)

Diseases.
 Result of a combination of genetic,
physiological, environmental &
behavioral factors.
-WHO
 Non-Communicable
Diseases (NCDs)
also called Lifestyle-Related
Diseases

What could be
the major cause?
 Non-Communicable Diseases
(NCDs)
also called Lifestyle-Related Diseases

Causes:
1. Lifestyle
Result of unhealthy habits
Behavioral and modifiable risk factors like:
smoking, alcohol abuse, consuming too much
fat, salt and sugar and physical inactivity
-DOH
 Non-Communicable Diseases
(NCDs)
also called Lifestyle-Related Diseases

Causes:
2. Hereditary
 Passed from parent to child
3. Environmental
 Where you live-or work
 a.k.a
Lifestyle-Related
Diseases

Five Major Lifestyle-Related Diseases

Mellitus
UN-LOCK IT DOWN!
1. METABOLISM
Metabolism is the process your
body uses to get or make energy
from the food you eat
 2. METABOLIC
DISORDER
is a collective term for a group of
syndromes that disrupt the normal
metabolic processes in the body
 3. PANCREAS
Functions in:

1. Production of enzymes to aid

in the digestion of food.

2. Release of hormones- insulin

& Glucagon into the blood
stream.
These hormones help control
blood sugar (glucose levels)
 4. INSULIN
 is a hormone secreted by the islets of
Langerhans of the pancreas.
 It allows your body to use sugar
(glucose) from carbohydrates in the
food that you eat for energy or to store
glucose for future use.
 Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar
level from getting too high (
hyperglycemia) or too low
(hypoglycemia).
How does insulin works?
 Is a chronic disease that occurs either
when:
1. The pancreas does not produce insulin.
2. The body cannot effectively use the
insulin it produces.
-WHO
 Defined as 8-hour fasting glucose
level of 126mg/dL or higher.
 Classifications:
1. Type I diabetes /Insulin-Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
2. Type II diabetes /Non-Insulin
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
(NIDDM)
 (IDDM)
a.k.a Juvenile-onset Diabetes Mellitus
Is an autoimmune condition caused by the
body attacking its own pancreas with
antibodies.

Risk Factors:
Genetic
Environment
May be acquired due to viruses & chemical
toxins
 (NIDDM)
The pancreas usually makes insulin, but
hyperglycemia either results from:
1. Insufficient amount of insulin
(hyposecretion)-leads to
2. Insulin resistance
INSULIN RESISTANCE
is the inability of cells to use the insulin hormone,
which inhibits the cell’s capability to absorb and then
use glucose in metabolic processes.
(NIDDM)
 (NIDDM)
Causes:
 Family hx
 Overweight
 Sedentary lifestyle
 HPN
 HDL cholesterol <35mg/dl(0.90mmol/L) &
triglyceride level >250 mg/dl (2.82 mmol/L)
 Hx of gestational DM or delivery of a baby
weighing 9 lbs.
1. Polyuria
2. Polydipsia
3. Polyphagia
4. Weight loss
 Risk Factor Assessment
& Screening

 It is the key process of screening

individual for the presence or
absence of risk factor/s that
expose them to increased
likelihood of developing NCDs.

(DOH, 2009).
 Risk Factor Assessment
& Screening:

ASK
 Ask if he/she was diagnosed as having diabetes.

 Family Hx of DM

 Symptoms of DM – polyuria, polydipsia,

unexplained weight loss

■If at special risk
– hypertensive, overweight, women who
delivered a 9 lb baby, those diagnosed with
gestational diabetes
FBS TEST
2-HOUR Blood Sugar Test/
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Random Blood Sugar Test
A.k.a Casual Blood Glucose Test.
 Any of the following:
 symptoms of diabetes

or RBS Test

 Repeat testing on a different day should be done to confirm

these criteria
■ Maintain body weight & prevent obesity
■ Encourage proper nutrition
■ Promote regular physical activity &
exercise
■ Smoking cessation for active smokers &
prevent exposure to second hand smoke