WELCOME

1
Course Outline
1. Computer Network:
Introduction
Motivation
Classification: LAN, MAN, WAN

2. Network Topology:
Definition
Classification: BUS, TREE, STAR, RING, MESH, HYBRID

2
Computer Network
Background of Network
 When there was no network

Motivation
 Resource Sharing

Resource
 Hardware
 Software
 Data/Information

3
Computer Network
Definition:
 When a number of computers or devices are
interconnected in a single communication system

 growth of number & power of computers is driving

need for interconnection

 also seeing rapid integration of voice, data, image &

video technologies

4
History of Computer Network

5
History of Computer Network

6
Classification
Depending upon the area coverage:

 Local Area Network (LAN)

 Metropolitan Area network (MAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)

7
LAN
• LANs consist of the following
components:
– Computers
– Network interface cards
– Peripheral devices
– Networking media
– Network devices

8
LAN

9
LAN
• smaller scope
– Building or small campus
• usually owned by same organization as
attached devices
• data rates much higher
• switched LANs, eg Ethernet
• wireless LANs

10
LAN
• LANs make it possible for businesses that use
computer technology to locally share files and
printers efficiently, and make internal
communications possible.

• A good example of this technology is e-mail.

• They tie data, local communications, and

computing equipment together.

11
LAN

12
LAN
• Some common LAN technologies are:
– Ethernet
– Token Ring
– FDDI

13
MAN
• Metropolitan Area Network

• A MAN is a network that spans a metropolitan

area such as a city or suburban area.

• A MAN usually consists of two or more LANs in

a common geographic area.

• For example, a bank with multiple branches

may utilize a MAN.

14
MAN

15
MAN
• middle ground between LAN and WAN
• private or public network
• high speed
• large area
• Typically, a service provider is used to connect
two or more LAN sites using private
communication lines or optical services.
• A MAN can also be created using wireless
bridge technology by beaming signals across
public areas.

16
WAN: Internet Architecture

17
WAN
• span a large geographical area
• rely in part on common carrier circuits
• alternative technologies used include:
– circuit switching
– packet switching
– frame relay
– Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

18
WAN
• WANs are designed to do the following:
– Operate over a large geographically separated
areas
– Allow users to have real-time communication
capabilities with other users
– Provide full-time remote resources connected to
local services
– Provide e-mail, World Wide Web, file transfer, and e-
commerce services

19
WAN
• Some common WAN technologies are:
– Modems
– Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
– Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
– Frame Relay
– US (T) and Europe (E) Carrier Series – T1, E1, T3,
E3
– Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)

20
WAN: Internet Architecture

21
Storage Area Network
• A SAN is a dedicated, high-performance
network used to move data between servers
and storage resources.

• Because it is a separate, dedicated network, it

avoids any traffic conflict between clients and
servers.

• SAN technology allows high-speed server-to-

storage, storage-to-storage, or server-to-server
connectivity.

22
Storage Area Network

23
Storage Area Network
• This method uses a separate network infrastructure that relieves
any problems associated with existing network connectivity.

• SANs offer the following features:

– Performance – SANs enable concurrent access of disk or tape arrays

by two or more servers at high speeds, providing enhanced system
performance.

– Availability – SANs have disaster tolerance built in, because data can
be mirrored using a SAN up to 10 kilometers (km) or 6.2 miles away.

– Scalability – Like a LAN/WAN, it can use a variety of technologies.

This allows easy relocation of backup data, operations, file migration,
and data replication between systems.

24
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
• A VPN is a private network that is constructed
within a public network infrastructure such as
the global Internet.

• Using VPN, a telecommuter can access the

network of the company headquarters through
the Internet by building a secure tunnel
between the telecommuter’s PC and a VPN
router in the headquarters.

25
Virtual Private Network (VPN)

26
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Benefits of VPN:
• A VPN is a service that offers secure, reliable
connectivity over a shared public network infrastructure
such as the Internet.

• VPNs maintain the same security and management

policies as a private network.

• They are the most cost-effective method of establishing

a point-to-point connection between remote users and
an enterprise customer's network.

27
Intranet
• One common configuration of a LAN is an Intranet.
• Intranet Web servers differ from public Web servers in
that the public must have the proper permissions and
passwords to access the Intranet of an organization.
• Intranets are designed to permit access by users who
have access privileges to the internal LAN of the
organization.
• Within an Intranet, Web servers are installed in the
network.
• Browser technology is used as the common front end
to access information such as financial data or
graphical, text-based data stored on those servers.

28
Intranet & Extranet

29
Extranet
• Extranets refer to applications and services
that are Intranet based, and use extended,
secure access to external users or enterprises.

• This access is usually accomplished through

passwords, user IDs, and other application-
level security.

• Therefore, an Extranet is the extension of two

or more Intranet strategies with a secure
interaction between participant enterprises and
their respective intranets.

30
Bandwidth
Bandwidth has been defined as the
amount of information that can flow
through a network in a given time.

31
Bandwidth

32
Question...???

33