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A Sphere, A Donut, or A Fractal? A Sphere, A Donut, or A Fractal?
A Sphere, A Donut, or A Fractal? A Sphere, A Donut, or A Fractal?
a sphere, a donut, or a
fractal?
Andrei Linde
Contents:
Contents:
From the Big Bang theory to Inflationary Cosmology
and the theory of Dark Energy
Inflation as a theory of a harmonic oscillator
Inflation in string theory
Initial conditions for inflation
Does our universe looks like a sphere or like a bagel?
Eternal inflation and string theory landscape: From a
bagel to a fractal
Two major cosmological discoveries:
Eternal Inflation
Equations of motion:
Einstein:
Klein-Gordon:
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
WMAP and the temperature of the sky
Name Recognition
Stephen
Hawking
A photographic image of
quantum fluctuations blown
up to the size of the
universe
WMAP
and spectrum of the
cosmic microwave
background anisotropy
Add a constant to the inflationary potential
- obtain inflation and acceleration
acceleration
inflation
Predictions
Predictions of
of Inflation:
Inflation:
and superpotential
The potential of this field has the simplest form, without any
exponential terms:
Inflation in String Theory
The volume stabilization problem:
A potential of the theory obtained by compactification in
string theory of type IIB:
The potential with respect to X and Y is very steep, these fields rapidly run
down, and the potential energy V vanishes. We must stabilize these fields.
Perhaps 10100
100
- 101000
1000
different minima
Lerche,
Lerche, Lust,
Lust, Schellekens
Schellekens 1987
1987
DBI inflation
Example: Racetrack Inflation
V
Modification of
V at large H
VAdS
Therefore
A new class of KKLT models
Kallosh, A.L. hep-th/0411011
One can obtain a supersymmetric Minkowski
vacuum without any uplifting of the potential
Yes we can!
Take a box (a part of a flat universe) and glue its
opposite sides to each other. What we obtain is a
torus, which is a topologically nontrivial flat
universe.
The size of the torus (our
universe) grows as t1/2,
whereas the mean free path of
a relativistic particle grows
much faster, as t
tunneling
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Landscape of eternal inflation