MUSCULAR TISSUE

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 MUSCULAR
TISSUE

SKELETAL CARDIAC SMOOTH

MUSCLE MUSCLE MUSCLE
 SKELETAL MUSCLE
Skeletal muscle is one of three
major muscle types. It is a form of
striated muscle tissue, which is under the
voluntary control of the somatic nervous system.
Most skeletal  are attached to bones by bundles of
collagen fibers known as tendons.
SKELETAL MUSCLE ( DISEASE)
POLYMYOSITIS
Type of chronic inflammation of the muscles (inflammatory
myopathy) related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body
myositis.The inflammation of polymyositis is mainly found in the
endomysial layer of skeletal muscle, whereas dermatomyositis is
characterized primarily by inflammation of the perimysial layer of
skeletal muscles.
CAUSES OF POLYMYOSITIS
The main cause for polymyositis is attributed to lowered
immunity level. The body attacks the immune system by
mistake which is a condition called autoimmune disorder in
which the antibodies are produced to attack the body’s healthy
cells and tissues. These are called auto-antibodies which are
normally observed in persons suffering from polymyositis.
 THE COMMON SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS OF
POLYMYOSITIS
SYMPTOMS TREATMENT

• Muscle pain and stiffness • Anti-inflammatory medicines. 

• Muscle weakness, particularly in the belly • Immunosuppressive medicines. .
(abdomen), shoulders, upper arms, and hips • Physical therapy. .
• Joint pain and stiffness • Heat therapy and rest.
• Trouble catching your breath •  Braces or other special devices. 
• Problems with swallowing
• Irregular heart rhythms, if the heart muscle
becomes inflamed
 MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Affected muscle
Group of muscle diseases that results in increasing weakening and breakdown
of skeletal muscles over time. The muscular dystrophy group contains thirty
different genetic disorders that are usually classified into nine main categories
or types. The most common type is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD),
which typically affects males beginning around the age of four. Other types
include Becker muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy,
and myotonic dystrophy.They are due to mutations in genes that are involved
Normal muscle in making muscle proteins. This can occur due to either inheriting the defect
from one's parents or the mutation occurring during early
development.Disorders may be X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, or
autosomal dominant.
 TYPES OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
• Becker muscular dystrophy
• Myotonic muscular dystrophy
• Congenital muscular dystrophy• Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy
• Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
• Distal muscular dystrophy
• Oculopharyngeal muscular
• Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.

CAUSES OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Muscular dystrophy is caused by genetic mutations that
interfere with the production of muscle proteins that are
needed to build and maintain healthy muscles.

The causes are genetic. A family history of muscular dystrophy

will increase the chance of it affecting an individual.
THE COMMON SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS OF
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
SYMPTOMS TREATMENTS

• Frequent falls • Physical therapy

• Difficulty rising from a lying or sitting up • Occupational therapy
position • Speech therapy
• Trouble running and jumping • Medicines
• Waddling gait Eteplirsen (Exondys 51).
• Walking on the toes Anti-seizure drugs
• Large calf muscles Blood pressure medicines
• Muscle pain and stiffness Drugs that turn down the body’s
• Learning disabilities immune system
Steroids
• Surgery
CARDIAC MUSCLE
Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium)
is one of three types of vertebrate muscles, with the
other two being skeletal and smooth muscles. It is an
involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main
tissue of the walls of the heart. The myocardium forms a
thick middle layer between the outer layer of the heart
wall (the epicardium) and the inner layer (the
endocardium), with blood supplied via the coronary
circulation. It is composed of individual heart muscle
cells (cardiomyocytes) joined together by intercalated
discs, encased by collagen fibres and other substances
that form the extracellular matrix.
CARDIAC MUSCLE ( DISEASES)
A problem with the rate or rhythm of your
ARRHYTHMIA heartbeat. Heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or
with an irregular pattern

When the heart beats faster than normal, it is called

tachycardia. When the heart beats too slowly, it is called
bradycardia. The most common type of arrhythmia is atrial
fibrillation, which causes an irregular and fast heart beat.
THE CAUSES OF ARTHMIA
•A heart attack
•Scarring of heart tissue from a prior heart attack
•Changes to your heart's structure, such as from
cardiomyopathy
•Blocked arteries in your heart (coronary artery
disease)
•High blood pressure
•Overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism)
•Underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism)
•Diabetes
•Sleep apnea
THE COMMON SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS OF
ARHTHMIA
SYMPTOMS TREATMENTS
• Fast or slow heartbeat • medication
• Chest pain • cardioversion
• Shortness of breath • catheter ablation
• Sweating • pacemaker
• Anxiety • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
• Fatigue
• Lightheadedness or dizziness
• Fainting (syncope) or near fainting
CARDIOMYOPATHY
- A disease of the heart muscle that make it harder for your
heart to pump blood.
- Can lead to heart failure

TYPES OF CARDIOMYOPATHY
- Dilated
- Hypetrophic
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy
THE CAUSES OF CARDIOMYOPATHY • Long-term high blood pressure
• Heart tissue damage from a heart attack
• Chronic rapid heart rate
• Heart valve problems
• Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, thyroid disease or
diabetes
• Nutritional deficiencies of essential vitamins or minerals,
such as thiamin (vitamin B-1)
• Pregnancy complications
• Drinking too much alcohol over many years
• Use of cocaine, amphetamines or anabolic steroids
• Use of some chemotherapy drugs and radiation to treat
cancer
• Certain infections, especially those that inflame the heart
• Iron buildup in your heart muscle (hemochromatosis)
• A condition that causes inflammation and can cause lumps
of cells to grow in the heart and other organs (sarcoidosis)
• A disorder that causes the buildup of abnormal proteins
(amyloidosis)
• Connective tissue disorders
 THE COMMON SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENTS OF
CARDIOMYOPATHY

SYMPTOMS TREATMENTS

- Breathlessness with exertion or even at - Medication

rest - Surgically implanted device
- Swelling of the legs , ankles & feet - Heart transplant
- Chest discomfort or pressure
- Cough while lying down
- Fatigue

SMOOTH MUSCLE
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