CHAOS, FRACTALS,

BIFURCATIONS
 x(0)= [0.1;0.1;0.1];

Stochastic behavior occurring in a deterministic system.

Chaos is the study of deterministic systems that are so sensitive to
measurement that their output appears random.
Fractal geometry and chaos theory are providing
us with a new way to describe the world. Many objects i
aren't formed of Euclid’s squares or triangles,
but of more complicated geometric figures.
Many natural objects - ferns, clouds,
seashells - are shaped like fractals.
 Each of the 8 smaller squares looks just like the original square.
Multiply each side of a smaller square by 3 (increasing the area by 3 x
3 = 9), and you get the original square.
You get 8 copies of the original square at a scale factor of 3.
The original 8 small squares can be divided into a total of 64 even
smaller squares—each of which will look like the original big square if
you multiply its sides by 9. So the fractal dimension is log 64 / log 9 =
1.8927

A rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided into parts, each
of which is (at least approximately) a reduced-size copy of the whole
In a dynamical system, a bifurcation is a period doubling, quadrupling,
etc., that accompanies the onset of chaos. It represents the sudden
appearance of a qualitatively different solution for a nonlinear system as
some parameter is varied.

In a dripping faucet at low pressure, drops come off the faucet timing
between them. As the pressure is increased the drops begin to fall with two
drops falling close together, then a longer wait, then two drops falling close
together again. In this case, a simple periodic process has given way to a
periodic process with twice the period, a process described as "period
doubling". If the flow rate of water through the faucet is increased further,
often an irregular dripping is found and the behavior can become chaotic.