BIOMOLECULE

S
Nucleic acids
 Are large complex organic molecules composed of the
elements carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and
phosphorous.
 polymers of nucleotides which are molecules built up
from three basic parts
 a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous
base or nitrogen containing base.
 Nucleic acids

 The nitrogenous bases include adenine and guanine

which belong to a group of compounds called purines

and cytosine and thymine which belong to pyrimidines.

 They are large molecules

Nucleic Acids

 The American biochemist James D. Watson and British

biophysicists and geneticists Francis Crick
 described the DNA molecule as a double helix. It
consists of two strands wound each other and held
together by weak hydrogen bonds
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids

Structure DNA RNA

Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose
Nitrogenous Adenine, Adenine,
bases guanine thymine Guanine, uracil
cytosine cytosine

Strands Double stranded Single stranded

Helix Yes No
Role of Nucleic Acid in Living
things
 serves as the genetic material of all living things
 provides the instruction in making proteins and
enzymes I living systems
 determines what kind of proteins should be
synthesized by an organism.
Proteins
 most abundant organic compounds in living cells.
 fundamental constitutes of the protoplasm of the cell.
 made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
atoms.
 Sulfur, phosphorous and iron may also be present.
 fundamental building blocks of proteins are amino
acids.
Proteins
 20 known amino acids exist in nature.
 Since proteins may contain hundreds of thousands
of amino acids the number of possible
combinations is infinite.
 large molecules consisting of long complex
chains of amino acids linked by strong peptide
bonds.
 Proteins
 bonds are formed by dehydration synthesis reactions that

link an amino group of one kind of amino acid to the acid

(carboxyl) group of another.

 The process involves the removal of a water molecule.

 Primary Structure: Amino Acid Sequence
 Secondary Structure: Hydrogen Bonding
Patterns
 Tertiary Structure: Folds and Links
 Quaternary Structure: Subunit arrangements
FUNCTIONS:
 Enzyme catalysis
 Defense
 Transport
 Support
 Motion
 Regulation
 Storage
Importance of Proteins
1. Proteins bring about individual differences.
We look different because each of us has a
unique protein make up.
2. Serve as transport molecules; Reserves food
and Provides protection as antibodies
 Importance of Proteins
3. Essential in building and repairing body cells and
tissues.
4. Most enzymes are proteins and they in speeding up
the building and repairing of almost tissues.