CHAPTER 5: EXPRESSION OF BIOLOGICAL

INFORMATION
1. Who proposed the Central Dogma Concept?
A. James Watson
B. Francis Crick
C. Gregor Mendel
D. Beadle and Tatum

2. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Central Dogma Concept?
A. RNA 🡪 DNA 🡪 Protein
B. DNA 🡪 RNA 🡪 Protein
C. Protein 🡪 RNA 🡪 DNA
D. Protein 🡪 DNA 🡪 RNA

3. Identify the enzymes involved in DNA replication

A. DNA Helicase, DNA Ligase, RNA polymerase, Primase
B. DNA polymerase, DNA Ligase, RNA polymerase, Primase
C. DNA Helicase, DNA Ligase, DNA polymerase, Primase
D. Topoisomerase, DNA Ligase, RNA polymerase, Primase

4. Which of the following enzymes are involved in tRNA activation?

A. Peptidyl transferase
B. DNAse
C. RNAse
D. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

5. If the DNA sequence is 5’ – CGT – 3’ determine the sequence in mRNA.

A. 3’ – GCA – 5’
B. 3’ – ACG – 5’
C. 5’ – GCA – 3’
D. 5’ – GCU – 3’

6. The two strands of the helix are held together by hydrogen bonds. It became apparent to
Watson and Crick after the completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a
vast amount of hereditary information in its
A. sequence of bases.
B. phosphate-sugar backbones.
C. complementary pairing of bases.
D. side groups of nitrogenous bases.

7. The DNA double helix has a uniform diameter because ________, which have two rings,
always pair with ________, which have one ring.
A. purines; pyrimidines
B. pyrimidines; purines
C. deoxyribose sugars; ribose sugars
D. ribose sugars; deoxyribose sugars

8. Which of these is a difference between DNA and RNA molecules?

A. DNA contains uracil, whereas RNA contains thymine.
 B. DNA is a polymer composed of nucleotides, whereas RNA is a polymer composed
of nucleic acids
C. DNA is double-stranded, whereas RNA is single-stranded.
D. DNA contains five-carbon sugars, whereas RNA contains six-carbon sugars.

9. Primase is the enzyme responsible for:

A. unwinding the DNA double strand to allow DNA polymerase access to the template
DNA.
B. introducing nicks into the DNA double strand to prevent the formation of knots.
C. hydrolyzing ATP to facilitate DNA unwinding.
D. making short strands of RNA at the site of replication initiation.

10. What is the function of DNA polymerase (III)?

A. To unwind the DNA helix during replication.
B. To seal together the broken ends of DNA strands.
C. To add nucleotides to the end of a growing DNA strand.
D. To degrade damaged DNA molecule

11. Why does DNA synthesis only proceed in the 5´to 3´ direction?
A. Because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3´ end of a polynucleotide
strand.
B. Because the 3´ end of the polynucleotide molecule is more electronegative than the 5’
end
C. Because that is the direction in which the two strands of DNA unzip.
D. Because that is the only direction that the polymerase can be oriented.

12. A replication fork:

A. is only seen in prokaryotic chromosomes.
B. is only seen in bacterial cells.
C. is a Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously.
D. is a site where one DNA strand serves as a template, but the other strand is not
replicate

13. What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA
molecules are synthesized?
A. The origins of replication occur only at the 5' end.
B. Helicases and single-strand binding proteins work at the 5' end.
C. DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end of a growing strand
D. DNA ligase works only in the 3' → 5' direction.

14. After DNA replication is completed,

A. each new DNA double
B. Helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand.
C. Each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands.
D. one DNA double helix consists of two old strands and one DNA double helix consists
of two new strands.

15. How are the chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell replicated?

A. The linear DNA molecules are replicated from multiple origins of replication
bidirectionally.
B. The linear DNA molecules are replicated from one origin of replication
bidirectionally.
C. The circular DNA molecules are replicated from multiple origins of replication
bidirectionally.
 D. The circular DNA molecules are replicated from one origin of replication
bidirectionally.

16. RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase differ in that

A. RNA polymerase uses RNA as a template, and DNA polymerase uses a DNA
template
B. RNA polymerase binds to single-stranded DNA, and DNA polymerase binds to
double-stranded DNA.
C. RNA polymerase is much more accurate than DNA polymerase.
D. RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis, but DNA polymerase requires a primer
to initiate DNA synthesis.

17. In all organisms, the AUG codon codes for:

A. the initiation of translation.
B. the termination of transcription.
C. the termination of chain elongation.
D. the amino acid valine

18. Where is the amino-acid binding site located on the tRNA molecule?
A. In the middle of the loop.
B. At the end of a "stem" that is the 3´ end of the molecule.
C. In the first loop.
D. Along the longest stretch of base pairing in the molecule.

19. The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is

A. complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon
B. complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA.
C. the part of tRNA that binds to a specific amino acid.
D. changeable, depending on the amino acid that attaches to the tRNA

20. During translation, chain elongation continues until what happens?

A. No further amino acids are needed by the cell.
B. All tRNAs are empty.
C. The polypeptide is long enough.
D. A stop codon is encountered