Chapter 09 - Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Informa?

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1. The nucleo?de sequence of DNA is which level of structure?

a. primary
b. secondary
c. ter?ary
d. quaternary

2. The double helix of DNA is which level of structure?

a. primary
b. secondary
c. ter?ary
d. quaternary
e. None of these

3. Which of the following is the most dis?nguishing difference between a purine and a
pyrymidine
a. purines are found in DNA while pyrimidines are found in RNA
b. purines have nitrogens in the rings while pyrimidines do not
c. pyrimidines have nitrogens in the rings while purines do not
d. purines are found in RNA while pyrimidines are found in DNA
e. purines are double ring structures while pyrimidines have a single ring

4. Deoxyadenylate (dA) is a:
a. purine base
b. pyrimidine base
c. purine based nucleoside
d. purine based nucleo?de
e. pyrimidine based nucleo?de

5. Which of the following nucleobases is a purine?

a. adenine
b. cytosine
c. thymine
d. uracil

6. The fundamental differences between RNA and DNA are

a. the organic bases only
b. bases, ribose units, and the phosphodiester linkage
c. bases, ribose units, and the glycosidic bond type
d. bases and the ribose units only
7. The backbone of nucleic acids consists of
a. a phosphodiester bond between the 2' and 5' hydroxyl groups of neighboring
sugars
b. a phosphodiester bond between the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of neighboring
sugars
c. a glycosidic bond between a pyrimidine and a sugar
d. a glycosidic bond between a purine and a sugar

8. The oligonucleo?de AGGUCCAUUGAAp, is best described as

a. an RNA oligonucleo?de with a 3'phosphate
b. an RNA oligonucleo?de with a 5'phosphate
c. a DNA oligonucleo?de with a 3'phosphate
d. a DNA oligonucleo?de with a 5'phosphate

9. Which of the following statements is true for double-stranded DNA?

a. The amount of A is the same as the amount of T, and the amount of G is the
same as the amount of C.
b. The amount of A is the same as the amount of G, and the amount of T is the
same as the amount of C.
c. The amount of A is the same as the amount of C, and the amount of G is the
same as the amount of T.
d. More than one of the above is true.

10. Which is the dominant form of DNA found in the cell?

a. A
b. B
c. Z
d. H
e. All forms of DNA are found in equal amounts

11. Which of the following characteris?cs is associated with the B form of DNA?
a. the sugars are located in the interior of the double helix
b. the distance between base pairs along the axis of the helix is 8 Å
c. the major and minor grooves are readily apparent
d. the planes of the bases make about a 20 degree angle with the helix axis

12. Propeller twists occur in B-DNA so that

a. Z-DNA can form
b. base pairing distances are op?mized
c. base stacking can beaer occur
d. none of these
13. Which of the following sequences of DNA is most likely to form Z-DNA?

14. In DNA structure, hydrophobic bonding via pi-clouds is referred to as

a. base stacking.
b. propeller twist.
c. hyperchromicity.
d. supercoiling.
e. denatura?on

15. The A and B forms of DNA

a. both have 10 base pairs per turn of the helix
b. both have 11 base pairs per turn of the helix
c. are both leb-handed helices
d. are both right-handed helices

16. The strands in the double helix

a. both run in the same 3' → 5' direc?on, i.e., they are parallel.
b. have their 3' → 5' direc?ons opposed, i.e., they are an?-parallel.
c. can be either parallel or an?-parallel.
d. are perpendicular to one another.
e. None of these

17. Base pairs with a propeller-twist

a. are found only in Z-DNA
b. have op?mum base stacking
c. bind water in the minor groove
d. have stronger hydrogen bonds than base pairs without a propeller twist

18. Supercoiling of DNA

a. is not observed in prokaryotes
b. requires the ac?on of topoisomerase enzymes
c. does not require ATP
d. is not observed in eukaryotes
19. The helix can be untwisted by the ac?on of which type of topoisomerase?
a. Type I only
b. Type II only
c. Both types I and II
d. Topoisomerases cannot untwist the helix.

20. In the DNA in chroma?n, subs?tu?on muta?ons:

a. are at a maximum in the linker regions
b. are at a maximum in the nucleosomes
c. occur maximally in the same places as dele?on muta?ons
d. are rarely seen, but dele?on muta?ons are common

21. The Tm for mel?ng the double helix is:

a. The temperature at which the helix starts to open.
b. The midpoint of the range over which the helix denatures.
c. The temperature at which the helix is completely open.
d. The energy needed to melt the DNA.
e. None of these is correct.

22. RNA is hydrolyzed in basic solu?on, but DNA is not. This occurs because
a. thymine is found in DNA, and uracil is not
b. DNA is double stranded, and RNA is single stranded
c. DNA contains 2'-deoxyribose, but RNA does not
d. RNA has modified bases, but DNA does not

23. In analy?cal ultracentrifuga?on the sedimenta?on coefficient, which is expressed in

Svedberg units (S), characterizes a sedimen?ng par?cle on the basis of
a. size only
b. shape only
c. both size and shape
d. neither size nor shape

24. Transfer RNA molecules are characterized by all the following, except:
a. They are one of the largest of the RNAs.
b. Cloverleaf shape.
c. Many modified bases.
d. Extensive secondary and ter?ary structure.
e. All of these characterize transfer RNA molecules.

25. The _____ structure in DNA refers to the supercoiling of the DNA molecule.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. ter?ary
d. quaternary