SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

C. M. R. T. & L. R. V.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

• Join dependent clauses to independent clauses

• Connects two ideas by making one idea
dependent on the other.
• Establishes the relation between the two
clauses
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

• This relation may be one of:

CAUSE: as, because, inasmuch as, since

We went indoors, as it had grown quite dark.

Since he likes animals, they like him.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

COMPARISON: as…as, so…as, than

Chaucer’s language is not so difficult as you

may think.
There was more smoke than there was fire.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

CONCESSION: although, though, while

Although he works hard, he’s not vert

efficient.
He doesn’t write well, though he tries.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

CONDITION: if, provided that, unless

She’ll come provided that you do.

Unless you run, you won’t catch her.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

MANNER: as, as if, as though

Do as you would be done by.

It seemed as though he would win.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

PLACE: where, wherever

Where one is good, two are better.

I will follow you wherever you go.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

PURPOSE: in order that, so that, that

They died that we may live.

So that there will be enough for all, take no
more than you need.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

RESULT: so that, so… that, such…that

He studied hard, so that finally he was the

recognized expert in the field.
Such was his optimism that we all were
prepared for success.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

TIME: after, as, before, since, till, until,

when, while

Ruth arrived as they were leaving.

Until you spoke, I didn’t know you were there.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

C. M. R. T. & L. R. V.
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

• Link ideas in a sentence or between

sentences.
• They can be placed at the beginning,
middle, or end of a sentence.
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Examples:
Text messaging is convenient; moreover, it is
relatively cheap.
Slang and abbreviations are features of
texting. Therefore, many teachers worry
about the effects on young people’s literacy.
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Adding extra information (alternatives to

“and”)

In addition furthermore
additionally similarly
moreover likewise
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Contrast (alternatives to “but”)

however nonetheless
nevertheless still
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Cause & Effect (alternatives to “so”

therefore as a result
consequently thus