MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

Use appropriate cohesive devices in

various types of speech
● Determine the function, types, and
examples of cohesive devices;
● Compose a speech about a topic with
relevant information and opinion utilizing
appropriate marking signals, and
• Distinguish the appropriate usage of
cohesive devices samples as used in
informative speeches.
 COHESIVE DEVICES
The words or expressions
that are used to join two ideas or two parts of a
sentence or two different sentences or
a number of sentences in a paragraph thematically
and meaningfully.
They are otherwise known
as connectives or linking
words in English
Grammar.
 Cohesive devices
-are sometimes called linking words, discourse
markers or transitional words. They are words or
phrases that show the relationship between ideas,
sentences, paragraphs or sections of a text.
 Cohesive devices
We use them to tell us how
sentences or paragraphs are
related to one another. They help
the reader to transition from one
idea to another.
 Cohesive devices

Each linking word should signal to the

reader the kind of information coming.
Writers need to prepare their readers
for a shift in ideas. If you use the wrong
word it confuses the reader.
WHAT DO COHESIVE DEVICES DO?
Cohesive devices tell the
reader what we are doing
in a sentence and help to
guide them through our
writing. They signal to the
reader what the
relationships are between
the different clauses,
sentences and paragraphs.
COHESIVE DEVICES IN
PARAGRAPHS:
● Keep order in our writing.
● Ensure that related ideas are
kept together.
● Make it easier for the reader
to understand the text.
● Help ideas flow more smoothly.
● Provide links between ideas.
 examples of sentences
a. Just walk straight. Opposite the
post office you will see the library.
b. First boil the water; then, pour it
over the tea bag.
c. I was late to work because of
the heavy traffic.
 examples of sentences

I am not able to go to the beach with you.

___________, thanks for asking me.
(Nevertheless, Because, Certainly, After)
In addition, conjunctions
also connect ideas and
sentences.
 A. Coordinating Conjunctions

allow you to join words, phrases, and

clauses of equal grammatical rank in a
sentence.
 The most common coordinating
conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or,
yet, and so; you can remember them
by using the mnemonic device
 FANBOYS
● I’d like pizza or a salad for lunch.
● We needed a place to concentrate,
so we packed up our things and
went to the library.
● Jesse didn’t have much money,
but she got by.
 B. Correlative Conjunctions
-are pairs of conjunctions that work together.
Some examples are either/or, neither/nor, and
not only/but also.

Not only am I finished studying for English, but

I’m also finished writing my history essay.
 c. subordinating Conjunctions
 join independent and
dependent clauses
 can signal a cause-and-effect
relationship, a contrast, or
some other kind of relationship
between the clauses.
 Common subordinating conjunctions:
because, since, as, although, though, while, and
whereas.
Sometimes an adverb, such as until, after, or
before can function as a conjunction.
I can stay out until the clock strikes
twelve.
Here is a list of commonly used
connectives and when we can
use them.
To signal Addition of ideas

again, also, and, and then, besides,

equally, furthermore, in addition,
too, moreover, not only, but, also
 To signal Comparison

in comparison, compared with, in the

same way, likewise, similarly
 To indicate Contrast
although, even though, however, yet, in
contrast, instead, nevertheless, on the
contrary, on the other hand, whereas,
while
 To signal Order/ Sequence
first, second, finally, hence, after, before, at
first, at last, at the same time, in the end,
next, since (then), so far, as soon as, up to
(then), until, gradually, to begin with,
 To signal Time
next, afterward, finally, later, last, lastly, at last,
now, then, when, soon, thereafter, after a short
time, next week (month, day, year), a minute later,
in the meantime, meanwhile, on the following
day, at length, ultimately, presently
 To signal Reason

because, so that, in order to, due

to, in fact
 To signal Enumeration

firstly, secondly, finally,

in the first place, last, next, on top of
(that), to begin (with), then
 To show Result
accordingly, as a result, consequently, for
that reason, hence, thus, therefore, the
consequence of, that is
To signal Example

an evidence of, for example,

for instance, such as, thus,
to show (what I mean)
 To Summarize

in short, in conclusion, to sum up, on the

whole, to summarize,
to conclude, altogether, in summary
 To show Condition

if, even if, as long as,

provided that, unless, whether, in
case, in spite of, once
 To signal Space and Place
above, behind, below, beyond, here, there, to the
right (left), nearby, opposite, on the other side, in
the background, directly ahead, along the wall,
as you turn right, at the tip, across the hall, at
this point, adjacent to
To signal Choice

or, either, either or, neither nor,