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SUBJECT: English 8
TOPIC: Use Modal Vebs, Nouns and Adverbs Appropriately
TREATMENT: __ Narrative Lecture __ Narrative Tutorial __ Other
RUN TIME: 20 Minutes
SCRIPTWRITER: JESSIE JAMES B. VIRTUOSO
(Hazel C. Deloria and Jessamae A. Colanggo -module writers)
INSTRUCTIONAL
OBJECTIVES:
After watching the video, the learners should be able to:

1 (INSERT SOA PROGRAM ID)

2 A pleasant day to our avid viewers specially to our active learners who watching from
3 their respective home across the country! Welcome to our Education on Air I am
4 teacher ______ and today we will be learning about Modal Verbs. What are modal
5 Verbs?
6 Modal Verbs are special kinds of auxiliary verbs that are used to express ability,
7 obligation, possibility, and necessity. These include can, must, may, might, will,
8 would and should.
9 I want you to look and read the table and chart to understand more about modal
10 verbs.
Modal Verb Expressing Example
It could be used to
Our first
express
Modal Verb
is the word ability I can swim.
can permission Can I use your phone please?
possibility Smoking can cause cancer.
When I was younger, I could run
ability in the past
could fast.
Excuse me, could I just say
polite permission
something?
possibility It could rain tomorrow!
may permission May I use your phone please?
possibility, probability It may rain tomorrow!

might polite permission Might I suggest an idea?

I might go on holiday to Australia
possibility, probability
next year.
11

Modal Verb Expressing Example

will desire, preference, I will take this duty.
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choice, or consent Will you stop talking like that?

would to request or offer Would you like a cup of tea?
in if-sentences If I were you, I would say sorry.
should to give advice You should stop smoking.
to say something
We should be there this evening.
expected or correct
must You must stop when the traffic
strong obligation
lights turn red.
logical conclusion / He must be very tired. He's been
Certainty working all day long.
1 Whether modals, modal verbs, modal auxiliaries, or modal auxiliary verbs, they
2 are all the same. The modal verbs and the primary verbs (be, do and have) are
3 called auxiliary verbs. The difference between these two groups of verbs is that we
4 can use modal verbs as auxiliary verbs only.
5 In other words, we cannot use modal verbs on their own in a sentence, as they are
6 not complete by themselves. We have to use them with other verbs, which must be
7 in the simple present tense.
8 The following are characteristics of modal verbs:
9 1. When used with singular or plural subject or noun, the modal verbs do not
10 change their forms. Example:
11 (She will arrive later. / They will arrive later.)
12 2. Modal verbs have no –s form, such as when they follow the third person singular
13 subject. Example:
14 INCORRECT: She wills talk to us later. / He shoulds get some rest.
15 CORRECT: She will talk to us later. / He should get some rest.
16 3. Modal verbs do not have present participle form (Not: modal verb + ing).
17 4. Modal verbs do not have past participle form (Not: modal verb + ed).
18 5. Modal verbs cannot be used with another modal verb. Example:
19 INCORRECT: We can must get it done today.
20 CORRECT: We can get it done today/ We must get it done today.
21 6. Modal verbs cannot be used on their own in a sentence. Other verbs must follow
22 them. Example:
23 INCORRECT: The repair would one hour.
24 CORRECT: The repair would be for one hour.
25 Modal verbs have many uses in the sentences. We need to remember that Modal
26 verbs always come before the main verb. Take a look at the examples below. Both
27 modal verbs and main verbs are in bold.

o They can argue endlessly about money.  

o The volcano could erupt at any time.
o She may get married again next year.
o We might reach there before it gets dark.

28 The modal verbs are can which expresses ability, could for possibility, should for
29 obligation, might for possibility, may for asking permission, will for desire, would for
30 an offer and must which express necessity.
31
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1 Now we will have our discussion on how modal verbs worked on, especially in
2 transforming such sentences to a question.
3 Not all yes or no questions begin with auxiliary verbs. Many starts with modal
4 verbs. We use modal verbs in yes-no questions when asking about possibility or
5 uncertainty. All modal verbs are followed by the main verb in its base form.
6 In statements, the form is;
7 Subject + Modal + Main Verb + ….
8 Examples
9 I can swim. We must go.
10 You should do your homework.
11 They must wait for us.
12 He may be at home.
13 Now let us Study the rules in transforming statement to question using Modal
14 Verbs:
15 1. If the sentence has a main verb and a modal verb, question form is;
16 Modal + Subject + Main Verb + ….
17
Sentence Question
I may visit you tomorrow. May I visit you tomorrow?
You can repeat it. Can you repeat it?
18
19 2. If we want to make a negative yes/no question with modals, question
20 form is Modal + NOT + Subject + Main Verb + ….
21
Sentence Question
We can be friends. Can’t we be friends?
They could ride. Couldn’t they ride?
22
23 3. When we are replying the question, we can use short or long form for the
24 answer. Answer forms are;
25 Yes + Subject + Modal Verb (+ …)
26 No + Subject + Modal Verb + Not (+ …)
27
Question Answer
Should I clean my room No. / No, you shouldn’t. / No, you shouldn’t
every day? clean your room every day.

Will you sit down? Yes. / Yes, I will. / Yes, I will sit down.

28
29 Now, Let’s have a practice.
30 Directions: Choose the appropriate modal verb to be used in the questions.
31
32 1. ______ you please carry my things?
33 A. May B. Will C. Should D. Must
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1 2. _______ you like some snacks?

2 A. Would B. Should C. Can D. Might
3 3. ______ I dance with you?
4 A. Must B. Would C. Can D. Might
5 4. ______ I suggest a better place to live in?
6 A. Could B. Can C. Would D. Might
7 5. ______ you please get me a water?
8 A. Could B. Should C. Would D. Might
9 Congratulations! You have successfully finished the activity.
10 Let’s proceed to Nouns. Nouns are any naming words for people, animals, places,
11 things, ideas, and qualities. They name everything around us, including those that
12 are invisible (wind, gas, vapor).  
13  
14 A noun in a sentence can be recognized by the word called determiner or an
15 adjective that comes before it. The determiner (articles are also determiners) can be
16 one of the following with the nouns are in bold:
17  
18 Articles: the, a, an (the duck, a hen, an egg)
19 Determiner: my, some, this (my wallet, some money, this coin)
20 Descriptive adjective: red, old, beautiful (red shirt, old socks, a beautiful dress)
21 What does a noun do in a sentence?
22 (1)    It acts as the subject of a sentence. The subject is a noun that performs the
23 action of the verb in the sentence and is easily recognized as it usually comes at the
24 beginning of a sentence and follows by a verb. Example:
25  
26 The man stepped on my toes.
27 (The subject is the man (a noun), and it comes before the verb stepped.)
28  
29 (2)    It acts as an object in a sentence. The object is a noun that is acted upon by
30 the subject. Example:
31
32 Tom bit his nail.
33 (The object is nail (a noun) that typically comes after the verb.)
34
35 (3)    It acts as a subject complement that follows a linking verb (am, is, was, are,
36 were, has, being, been, seem, become) and modifies the subject. Example:
37  
38 My uncle is a wine taster.
39 (The subject complement is a wine taster.)

40 Nouns can be divided into common and proper nouns:

41 1. Common Noun
42 Common nouns are names of people, things, animals, places, ideas, etc.
43 The common noun names a general, unspecific class of similar things (chair, box),
44 and not an individual member of a specified group of people or things. They are not
45 capitalized unless they come at the beginning of a sentence. 
46 Examples:
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1 People – aunt, boy, butcher, carpenter, cousin, father

2 Things – bicycle, book, car, computer, dress, hammer
3 Animals – armadillo, baboon, bee, caterpillar, cow, dog
4 Places – airport, beach, bullring, cemetery, church
5
6 2. Proper Noun
7 A proper noun is a name of a specific person (personal name and Mr. that
8 precedes the name), place (names of street, city, and country), thing, animal (a
9 name given to an animal or a pet’s name), or organization. Proper nouns should
10 always be capitalized.
11
12 Examples:
13 People –Angel Locsin, Jose Rizal, Rodrigo Duterte
14 Places – Museum of Modern Art, Sahara Desert
15 Things – Financial Times, Eiffel Tower, Big Ben
16 Organization – United Nations, International Labor Organization, Red Brigades
17 Animals – King Kong, Elephant, Bugs Bunny
18 Day and months – Saturday, Tuesday, April, September
19 Events – World War II, Christmas Day, Wedding Day
20 Can you now determine the uses of nouns in sentences?
21 Nouns are used as a subject, object, and subject complement in the sentence.

22 Now let’s have a practice,

23 Directions: Fill in each blank with the correct form of the given nouns. Choose your
24 answer in the table below. Do not repeat a noun in any of the sentences. (I’ll give
25 you 2 minutes to answer this activity)
chair information hair
luggage furniture works
26
27 1. I don't have much ___________. Just two small bags.
28 2. They are going to tell you all you want to know. They are going to
29 give you a lot of ___________.
30 3. There is room for everybody to sit down. There are a lot
31 of ___________.
32 4. We have no ___________, not even a bed or a table.
33 5. 'What does Alan look like?' He's got a long beard and very short ___________.
34
35 Now let’s proceed to the last part. The Adverbs. What is an adverb?
36 An adverb is a part of speech that describes a verb, adjective, another adverb, a
37 phrase, a clause, or a sentence.
38 A great way to pick out an adverb from a sentence is to look for the word ending in -
39 ly. Although that's not universally true, it's a great place to start. Also, given their
40 function, these fundamental elements of the English language are usually placed
41 right before or after the verb in the sentence.
42 Adverbs are intensifiers, and they can even come in the form of an adverb phrase.
43 That means you're looking at two or more words that act as an adverb. Let's take
44 some time to dive (v.) deeply (adv.) into these popular modifiers.
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1
2 It is better to know first the verb, adjective, and a noun to understand adverbs fully.
3
4  A verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being.
5 Examples: jump, run, swim, ski, fish, talk
6  An adjective is a word that describes or clarifies a noun.
7 Examples: pretty, happy, silly, sunny
8  A noun is a name of person, place, or thing - in its simplest definition.
9 Examples: girl, dog, mom
10
11 Once you see a few examples, it will be easy to see how adverbs function in a
12 sentence. To simplify things, they explain the action.
13 Here are some examples of adverbs modifying verbs:
14 1. He runs quickly.
15 2. She walks slowly.
16 3. He's happily chattering over there in the corner.
17 We are going to explore more about adverbs by knowing the types.
18 1. Adverb of manner explains how an action is carried out. It answers the question,
19 ‘how is the action performed?’.
20 Examples:
21 a. The dinner party went badly.
22 b. John answered the question correctly.
23 c. They walk quickly to catch the train.
24 d. She passed the exam easily.
25
26 Notice how the adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the adjectives bad,
27 correct and quick, although there is a slight spelling change when forming an adverb
28 with the adjective easy.
29 As mentioned, some adverbs of manner take the same spelling as the adjective and
30 never add an -ly to the end:
31  The boys had worked hard.
32  Julia dances well.
33 2. Adverb of degree is used to discuss the degree or intensity of an adjective, an
34 action, or another adverb. It answers the question, ‘how much is the action
35 performed?’.
36
37 Examples:
38 a. She completely forgot about her anniversary.
39 b. I read the newspaper thoroughly.
40 c. I am so excited about the new job.
41 d. Robin hardly studies.
42
43 3. Adverb of frequency is used to express how often or how frequently something
44 happens. Adverbs of frequency will usually be placed after the main verb or between
45 the auxiliary verb and infinitive.
46
47 Examples:
48 a. I can normally make the shot.
49 b. He always takes the bus.
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1 c. Do you usually get up so late?

2 d. They have often visited Europe.
3 4. Adverb of place always talks about the location where the action of the verb is
4 being carried out. It always answers one important question, ‘where?’.
5 Examples:
6 a. Put the cake there.
7 b. After a long day at work, we headed homewards.
8 c. Please bring that book here.
9 d. My grandfather’s house is nearby.
10
11 5. Adverb of time describes when, for how long, or how often a certain action
12 happened. It answers the question ‘when/how frequently is the action performed?’.
13
14 Examples:
15 a. Harvey forgot his lunch yesterday.
16 b. Tomorrow our fate will be sealed.
17 c. Jim was so sick he spent four weeks in the hospital.
18 d. He smokes occasionally .
19
20 Directions: Tell whether the adverb in the sentence is an adverb of manner, degree,
21 frequency, place, or time. Write your answer on the blank provided.
22
23 1. Mike is running fast. ________________
24 2. He is staying at my home. ________________
25 3. We take a vacation at least once annually. ________________
26 4. The newspaper arrives daily. ________________
27 5. She completely forgot about her anniversary. ______________
28 1. The sentence is an adverb of manner since the adverb (fast) is how the action
29 (running) is being performed.
30 2. The sentence is an adverb of place since the adverb (at my home) pertains to the
31 location or where the action (staying) is being happened.
32 3. The sentence is an adverb of frequency since the adverb (annually) pertains to
33 how often the action (take) happened.
34 4. The sentence is an adverb of time since the adverb (daily) shows how often or
35 long the action (arrives) happened.
36 5. The sentence is an adverb of a degree since the adverb (completely) shows how
37 much the action (forgot) is performed.
38
39 Congratulations!!!Well done, you just finished the last activity for this lesson
40 Now to determine if you learned something about our lesson this day answer these
41 following questions.