Boilers

BOILER TRAINING
Eng: Hafez Yakout
Main Condensate and Feed Systems

BOILER TRAINING
Eng: Hafez Yakout
 Objectives
• Purpose of Condensate and Feed Systems
and key component functions
• Principles of operation and key
components of the automatic boiler control
systems
Main Condensate System Purpose

• Condense steam to water

• Pump condensate from main condenser
to DFT
• Provide cooling for air ejector condenser
Condensate System Components
• Main Condenser Hotwell
• Main Circulating Water System
• Main Condensate Pump
• Air Ejectors
 CONDENSATION

Co ndenser MU Feed
Tank

Co ndensate
Pump
Air Ejecto r
Co ndenser
 Main Condenser
• Operates at a vacuum to lower the
condensation temperature which increases
plant efficiency
• Prevents condensation of steam in the turbine
• Typically a SINGLE PASS, CROSS FLOW,
INDIRECT CONTACT Hotwell - -
Stores condensate
Main Circulating Water System

• Main circulating water pumps

• Isolation valves
Main Condensate Pump

• Hotwell to DFT
• Type
– Normally electric driven.
– Non-positive displacement
• Located below hotwell to provide sufficient
NPSH TO PREVENT CAVITATION!!!
Air Ejectors
• Remove non-condensable gases from
condenser
• Two stages
• Warms condensate
• Draws initial vacuum on the Main Cond.
• Steam activated jet pumps
Main Feed System Purpose
• Deaerate
• Preheat
• Store/Transport water from DFT to boiler
Main Feed System Components
• Deaerating feed tank (DFT)
• Main Feed Boost Pump
• Main Feed Pump
• Feedwater Control Valve
• Economizer
FEED (DFT, MFBP, MFP)

DFT
Feed
Pump

Bo o ster
Pump
Deaerating Feed Tank (DFT)
• Preheats feedwater
• Deaerates feedwater
• Stores feedwater
Deaeration

DEAERATING
SECTION

STORAGE
SECTION
 Deaeration

TRAYS

STORAGE
SECTION
 Deaeration

Steam
Inlet
STORAGE
SECTION
 Deaeration

Condensate
Return

Steam

STORAGE
SECTION
 Deaeration
Vent

Condensate
Return

Steam

STORAGE
SECTION

To Feed Water Pumps

 Main Feed Boost Pump (MFBP)
• Ensure there is always sufficient NPSH for
the MFP, preventing vapor lock
• (Typically a single-stage, double-suction,
centrifugal pump)
• Electric Motor
 MAIN FEED PUMP (MFP)
• Provides water to the boilers at a
sufficient rate and pressure to ensure
boiler level is maintained
• Typically: Multistage, high-speed,
centrifugal pump. May be either steam
or electric driven
• Discharge pressure up to 1300 psig
Feedwater Control Valve (FRV)

• Maintains boiler water level in

steam drum
• Normally controlled by Automatic
Boiler Control System
– Air controlled valve
ECONOMIZER

• Uses the exhaust of the boilers

to preheat the incoming water
• Increases temperature by
approximately 140F
MAKE-UP/EXCESS
FEED SYSTEM
AUTOMATIC BOILER
CONTROL SYSTEMS
Automatic Boiler Control Systems

• Automatic Combustion Control (ACC)

– Maintains boiler’s steam drum pressure by

controlling rate of combustion (air/fuel)

• Feedwater Control System (FCS)
– Regulates flow of feedwater to boiler to

maintain level
• Diff Control System of MFP (DCS)
– Maintains feedwater supply pressure above

steam drum pressure

I. Automatic Combustion Control
System (ACC)
• Purpose: To maintain the boiler steam-drum
pressure at a constant 165bar during steady
and changing steam conditions
– Measures (steam drum pressure)

– Compares (actual pressure to desired)

– Computes (error signal)

– Corrects (air and fuel flow to furnace)

Automatic Combustion Control
(ACC) System
II. Feedwater Control System
(FWC)
• Purpose: To regulate the supply of feedwater
sent to the boiler for use in steam production
– Measures (fw flow, steam flow, boiler H 0
2
level)
– Compares (actual level to desired level)

– Computes (error signal)

– Corrects (feedflow via FRV)

Feedwater Control System (FCS)
III. MFP Differential Pressure
Control System
• Purpose: Ensures that the feedwater-supply
pressure is maintained at a constant value
above the steam-drum pressure
• Measures (MFP disch press/ Stm drum press)
– Compares (D/P)

– Computes (error signal)

– Corrects (alters MFP speed via stm supply)

 Questions?
The End
Thank you for listening….