NLP-AI

Java Lecture No. 4

Operators & Decision Constructs

Satish Dethe
<satishd@cse.iitb.ac.in>
03 August 2004
 Contents

• Increment Operator
• Decrement Operator
• Boolean Data Type
• Relational Operators
• Equality Operators
• Conditional Operators
• Selectional Constructs

03 August 2004
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 Increment Operators

• i + + first use the value of i and then increment it by 1.

‘i + +’ equivalent to ‘i = (i)+1’. // postfix increment
• + + i first increment the value of i by 1 and then use it.
‘+ + i’ equivalent to ‘i = (i+1)’. // prefix increment
int i=2;
•System.out.print(“ i = ”+ i++);//print 2, then i becomes 3
•System.out.print(“ i = ”+ ++i);//add 1 to i, then print 4
•Refer to incre.java

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 Decrement Operators

• i - - first use the i ’s value and then decrement it by one

i - - equivalent to (i)-1. // postfix decrement
• - - i first decrement i ’s value by one and then use it.
- - i equivalent to (i-1). // prefix decrement

int i=5;
System.out.print(“i = ” + i--);//print 5, then i becomes 4
System.out.print(“i = ” + --i);//subtract 1 from i, then print 3
Refer to decre.java

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 Boolean Data Type

This data type can store only two values; true and false.
Declaring a boolean variable is the same as declaring any other
primitive data type like int, float, char.
boolean response = false; //Valid
boolean answer = true; //Valid
boolean answer = 9943; //Invalid,
boolean response = “false”; // Invalid,

This is return type for relational & conditional operators.

Refer to bool_op.java

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 Relational Operators

a < b a less than b. (true/false)

a <= b a less than or equal b. (true/false)
a > b a greater than b. (true/false)
a >= b a greater than or equal to b. (true/false)
These operations always return a boolean value.
System.out.println(“23 is less than 65 ” +23<65); // true
System.out.println(“5 is greater than or equal to 25.00?” +
5>=25.00); // false
Refer to relate.java

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 Equality Operators

a==b a equal to b. (true/false)

a!=b a not equal to b. (true/false)

boolean equal = 12 = = 150; // false

boolean again_equal = ‘r’= = ‘r’); // true

boolean not_equal = 53!=90); // true

Refer: equa.java

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 Conditional Operators

•A conditional operator is used to handle only two boolean

expressions.
Boolean expression always returns ‘true’ or ‘false’.
•Conditional AND ‘&&’
Return value is ‘true’ if both, x and y are true, else it is ‘false’.
System.out.println(“x&&y ” + x&&y); // Refer cond_and.java

•Conditional OR ‘||’
return value is true if any one of x or y, is true else it is false.
System.out.println(“x||y ” + x||y); // Refer cond_or.java

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 The ‘ if ’ construct

It is used to select a certain set of instructions. It is used to decide

whether this set is to be carried out, based on the condition in the
parenthesis. Its syntax is:
if (<boolean expression>){
//body starts
<statement(s)>
//body ends
}
The <boolean expression> is evaluated first. If its value is true, then
the statement(s) are executed. And then the rest of the program. Refer
if_cond.java, if_cond1.java
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 The ‘if else’ construct

It is used to provide an alternative when the expression in if is

false. Its syntax is:
if(<boolean expression>){
<statement(s)>
}
else{
<statement(s)>
}
The if construct is the same. But when the expression inside if
is false then else part is executed.
Refer ifelse_cond.java

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 Assignments

int a_number=1; // (range: 1 to 5 including both)

Print the value of a_number in word. For example, it should print
“Four” if a_number contains 4.

1. Use equality ‘= =’ operator.

2. Do not use equality ‘= =’ operator.

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 End

Thank You!

03 August 2004
nlp-ai@cse.iitb