ETHICAL

PRINCIPLE ON
PATERNALISM
 OBJECTIVES

AT THE END OF THE REPORT, ONLINE PARTICIPANTS

WILL BE ABLE TO:

⦿ Define what Paternalism is

� Understand what paternalism is
� Implication in Nursing
� Is it ethical or not?
 What is PATERNALISM???
- choosing a course of action in the patient's best interest
but without the patient's consent—serves as an integral
value in ethical decision making, both as a balance to
other values and as an ethical obligation to neither
withhold guidance nor abdicate professional responsibility
to patients.

is an action performed with the intent of promoting

another’s good but occurring against the other’s will
or without the other’s consent

Paternalism does not serve as an endpoint or solution

but as one of many integral values in the decision-
making process
 SITUATION:
Mr. X is a 70 year old male patient who has been pretty healthy
throughout his whole life besides some issues with pneumonia in the
past few years. He was driving along the road last Monday where he
hit a patch of black ice, swerved off the road, and crashed into a tree.
He lost consciousness and suffered minor abrasions to his arms,
legs, and face. When he regained consciousness, he stated he felt
very cold, numb, and fatigued as several paramedics hovered over
him placing a collar around his neck and a spinal board underneath
him. He was very confused and was told to not move as they
oriented him to person, place, and time. He was taken to the
emergency room where he was placed him on oxygen via face mask
and D5 ½ normal saline 100ml/hr. He was transferred to the ICU
after lung complications and a tracheotomy was inserted to open his
airway and allow for oxygen exchange. Each day his family has been
at the hospital supporting him and praying he will recover from this
severe accident.
The nurse caring for him was reviewing his medical records and saw that
he is a DO NOT RESUSCITATE patient and that he does not want to
receive any life sustaining treatments that will prolong his life. The patient
has been awake, alert, and oriented and confirmed competent two days
ago, which enables him to make decisions for himself. His daughter, Mrs.
B, told the nurse that she doesn’t know what she would do without her dad
because he is the rock that holds their family together. The rest of the
family replied that these are his wishes and we will have to accept what he
has requested, even though it saddens us to think we may lose him soon.

During a routine test a few days ago the physician noticed that his labs
were not within normal limit and ordered stat tests to determine the
problem. The chest x-ray ordered confirmed he had pneumonia, but also
revealed he was suffering from metastatic lung cancer. The physician
informed the nurse of the cancer and stated that Mr. X is still very weak and
fighting for his life. So nurses decided to inform him and his family when
he is more stable and strong enough to take the news.
 THE PROBLEM

The nurse is informed of the confirmation that the patient indeed is

suffering from cancer secondary to his car accident and pneumonia.
Does she advocate for the patient’s right to autonomy in delivering the
news to him and his family or does she follow the doctor’s orders and
withhold the news since the physician believes that telling him will only
worsen his condition and result in a loss of hope for all involved? The
nurse believes that withholding information is going against the patient’s
rights to make his own decisions. The nurse wants to do what is best
for the patient and believes that keeping this information from the
patient is being dishonest and is not what any practical nurse would do
in this situation. However, she is unsure of the best approach in
addressing the issue.
 NURSING
IMPLICATION
Paternalism should be discussed at interdisciplinary rounds, and
taken into consideration when making patient care decisions. It is
difficult to clarify advocacy vs. paternalism, but strategies such as
knowing the patient, clarifying information, and educating all
involved are initial steps in distinguishing advocacy from
paternalism.

Nurses confer a treatment or service upon a person without

his/her consent, ostensibly due to reasons of limited
autonomy or diminished capacity
 IS IT ETHICAL OR NOT?
 Still on debate

 Actions must be justifiable

 Beneficial for Patient

 Protecting the welfare of a person

 Lack s the capacity to look after his interest

 Depends on the situation

 Laws of the society

 CONCLUSION:

It is suggested that scientific and ethical knowing are not

separate but must be united in theoretical structures that
include both in unity, along with an appreciation of the
infinite complexity of life as it is humanly lived. It is also
suggested that nursing's unique theory base of
frameworks that honor human dignity and focus on human
experience offers an opportunity for leadership in further
developing theoretical frameworks that transcend
paternalistic practices.
Therefore, paternalisms is ethical or non-ethical depends on
the justification you have. It has advantages and
disadvantages which is now still on debate and catch so
much attention especially in line with medical practices ,
others favourable and others are not.

For me, paternalism can be used as long as it talks about

the welfare of our patient and its family, whether its right or
wrong that depends on you.