Drilling fluid

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Supervised by Mr. Ali Alyas

Prepared by :
Ahmed Amir
Heresh Serdar
Hassan Massud
Nasih Noradin
DRILLING FLUID (MUD)

• is an essential material to drill a well. The main functions of it are to

circulating the rock fragments and exerting enough pressure to the formation.
In order to fulfill these requirements, special properties should be met to
achieve a successful job
A FLUID CAN EITHER BE GAS OR A LIQUID

• Air is gaseous fluid.

• Foam is an aerated liquid.
• Water is a liquid fluid.
• Oil is liquid fluid. (Diesel and Mineral oils).
• Synthetic Polymeric Liquids are also used as drilling fluids. ( Olefins and
Esters).
SOME IMPORTANT THE FLUID PROPERTIES ARE LIST
BELOW :

1. Fluid viscosity

2. Density

3. Gel strength

4. Yield point

5. PH value
 DENSITY
• The density of fluid is primarily related to the hydrostatic pressure it
can provide to stabilize the wellbore. Either over or less mud density
will result to problems.
• If the mud density is low, then it can’t overcome the formation
pressure, blowout may happen.
• However if the mud density is weight out according to the pressure
requirement, then drilling mud will invade into the reservoir, which is
called the fluid loss. Therefore, it is crucial to make mud with proper
density.
• Mud density can be measured by using mud weight balance.
VISCOSITY
• Viscosity has many types. In this case we only focus on the
dynamic viscosity, which means we only concern the fluid when it
is flowing.

• In simple words, the dynamic viscosity is the property

of fluid which indicates its flowing behavior

• The easiest method to measure the viscosity

is using the funnel.
• Gel strength & Yield point:

Gel strength measures the required stress to initiate the liquid flow
from sedate condition. Yield point indicates the capability of a fluid to
suspend the cuttings

• pH:
A pH value range from 8-12 is normally required to allow some mud
additives can work.