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Learning Objective 4-1 – List and explain the
similarities and important differences between job-order
and process costing.
4-2
Comparison of Job-Order Costing and
Process Costing
Process
Process Job-order
Costing
Costing Costing
4-4
Comparison of Job-Order Costing and
Process Costing
Manufacturing Cost of
Overhead Goods
Sold
4-6
Differences Between Job-Order and Process
Costing
The work-in-process
account consists of
individual products in a
Direct Material
process-cost system.
4-8
Process Cost Flows
One Production Department
Work-in-Process Finished Goods
Inventory Inventory Cost of Goods Sold
Direct material
Cost of goods completed Cost of goods sold
Direct labor
Applied manufacturing and transferred to during current
overhead finished goods period
4-9
Journal Entry
Direct Material, Direct Labor, and
Overhead Applied
Process Cost Flows
Two Sequential Production Departments
Work-in-Process Inventory Work-in-Process Inventory
Production Department A Production Department B
Direct material Cost of goods completed
Direct labor in department A and Cost of goods completed
Applied manufacturing transferred to and transferred to
overhead department B finished goods
Direct material
Direct labor
Applied manufacturing
overhead
4-11
Journal Entry
Dept. B – Transferred In Costs
Journal Entry
Dept. B – Direct materials, Direct
Labor, and Manufacturing Overhead
Journal Entry
Goods Completed
Journal Entry
Goods Sold
Learning Objective 4-3 – Prepare a table of
equivalent units under weighted-average process
costing.
4-16
Equivalent Units: A Key Concept
Costs are accumulated for a period of time for products
in work-in-process inventory.
+ = l
4-18
Equivalent Units Question 1
For the current period, Jones started
15,000 units and completed 10,000 units,
leaving 5,000 units in process 30%
complete. How many equivalent units of
production did Jones have for the period?
a. 10,000
b. 11,500
c. 13,500
d. 15,000
4-19
Equivalent Units Question 1
For the current period, Jones started
15,000 units and completed 10,000 units,
leaving 5,000 units in process 30 percent
complete. How many equivalent units of
production did Jones have for the period?
a. 10,000
10,000 units + (5,000 units × .30)
b. 11,500
= 11,500 equivalent units
c. 13,500
d. 15,000
4-20
Equivalent Units Question 2
Jones incurred $27,600 in
production costs for the 11,500
equivalent units. What was Jones’s
cost per equivalent unit for the period?
a. $1.84
b. $2.40
c. $2.76
d. $2.90
4-21
Equivalent Units Question 2
Jones incurred $27,600 in
production costs for the 11,500
equivalent units. What was Jones’s
cost per equivalent unit for the period?
a. $1.84
b. $2.76 $27,600 ÷ 11,500 equivalent units
c. $2.40 = $2.40 per equivalent unit
d. $2.90
4-22
Calculating and Using Equivalent Units of
Production
To calculate the direct materials and conversion costs per
equivalent unit for the period:
Materials
cost per Materials cost for the period
= Materials equivalent units for
equivalent
the period
unit
Conversion
cost per Conversion cost for the period
equivalent =
Conversion equivalent units for
the period
unit
4-23
Departmental Production Report
Analysis of Calculation
physical flow of equivalent
of units. units.
Production
Report
Computation Analysis of
of unit costs. total costs.
4-24
Equivalent Units of Production –
Weighted-Average Method
The weighted-average method . . .
Makes no distinction between work done in the prior period
and work done in the current period.
Blends together units and costs from the prior period and the
current period.
4-25
Production Report Example
MVP Sports Equipment Company makes baseball gloves in two
departments, Cutting and Stitching.
MVP uses the weighted-average process costing.
4-26
Production Report Example
Work in process, March 1: 20,000 units Cost
Materials: 100% complete $ 50,000
Conversion: 10% complete 7,200
4-27
Production Report Example
Analysis of Physical Flow of Units
Physical
Units
Work in process, March 1 20,000
Units started during March 30,000
Total units to account for 50,000
4-28
Production Report Example
Calculation of Equivalent Units
4-30
Learning Objective 4-4 – Compute the cost
per equivalent unit under the weighted-average
method of process costing.
4-31
Production Report Example
Computation of unit costs
Direct
Material Conversion Total
Work in Process, March 1 $ 50,000 $ 7,200 $ 57,200
Costs incurred during March 90,000 193,500 283,500
Total costs to account for $ 140,000 $ 200,700 $ 340,700
Equivalent units 50,000 45,000
Cost per equivalent unit $ 2.80 $ 4.46 $ 7.26
4-33
Production Report Example
Analysis of total costs
Cost of goods completed and transferred during March
40,000 units x $7.26 per equivalent unit $ 290,400
4-34
Production Report Example
Analysis of total costs
Cost of goods completed and transferred during March
40,000 units x $7.26 per equivalent unit $ 290,400
4-35
Production Report Example
Analysis of total costs
Cost of goods completed and transferred during March
40,000 units x $7.26 per equivalent unit $ 290,400
4-36
Learning Objective 4-6 – Prepare a departmental
production report under weighted-average process
costing.
4-37
MVP SPORTS EQUIPMENT COMPANY
Production Report: Cutting Department
Percentage of
Completion Equivalent Units
Physical with Respect to Direct
Units Conversion Material Conversion
Direct
Material Conversion Total
Conversion:
5,000 equivalent units x $4.46 per equivalent unit 22,300
4-38
Actual Costing vs. Normal Costing
Manufacturing
overhead is
Actual costs of applied
manufacturing overhead to Work-in-
are entered in Work-in- Process Inventory
Process Inventory using a
predetermined
overhead rate
4-39
Departmental Production Report
Analysis of
physical flow
of units.
Calculation
of equivalent
units.
Computation
of unit costs.
Analysis of
total costs.
4-40
Learning Objective 4-7 – Describe how an operation
costing system accumulates and assigns the costs of direct-material
and conversion activity in a batch manufacturing process.
4-41
Operation Costing
Operation costing employs some aspects
of both job-order and process costing.
4-42
Operation Costing
Operation costing employs some aspects
of both job-order and process costing.
4-43
End Chapter 4
4-44