Topic: Matrices

PRESENTED BY: JAAZBA GHAFOOR

ROLL #: 19011507-035
Matrices

 A matrix is an rectangular array of numbers (real or

complex) ,symbols or expression and it is enclosed in curly
braces.
 Example :

A= 1 5 7
6 8 9
Note : A matrix is denote by capital letter .
Order of matrix

 Order of matrix is written as :

= number of rows × number of column

In previous example order is 2 × 3 .

If we arrange a matrix as m rows and n columns then the matrix

that is formed is called m × n matrix or the matrix of order m by
n.
Note :
Elements of matrix are located by suffix notation that is î
for row and j for columns .
General form of a matrix
Adjoint of matrix

 In adjoint position of main diagonal elements and sign of

secondary diagonal elements is changed .
 Example :

4 7
A= 6 9

Adj(A) = 9 -7
-6 4
Determinant of 2 × 2 matrix

 Determinant of matrix is denoted by enclosing the square

array between vertical bar instead of brackets .
 Method :
Example
Singular and non-singular
matrix
 If determinant of any matrix is zero then the matrix is called singular
matrix .
 If determinant of any matrix is non zero then matrix is called non singular
matrix .
Transpose of 2 × 2 matrix

 If A is a matrix of order m n then we get a matrix of order n

m by interchanging rows of matrix into columns .
Inverse of 2 × 2 matrix

 A matrix is inversable if its determinant is non-zero .

 Formula :
Example
Solution of linear equation
using matrices