Entomological Research: achievement and

challenges in relation to the global climate change

Dr. Debasish Sarker

Chief Scientific Officer & Head
Entomology Division, BARI, Gazipur
E-mail: dspsarker@gmail.com
 Outline of Presentation
 Entomology Division, BARI at a glance;
 Major challenges in pest management;
 Priority areas in pest management;
 Present pest management scenario of
Bangladesh;
 Annual Performance Agreement (APA) and
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of
Entomology Division, BARI;
 Sub-PTAC and PTAC;
 Pesticide Law 2017;
Bio-rational pest management etc.
 Cooperation.
Entomology Division, BARI is one of the oldest division
of the Institute.
MANDATE
 Monitoring and documentation of different
insect pests infestation/outbreak over time and space.
 Integrated Pest Management in cereals, pulses, oilseeds,
vegetables, fruits, spices and tuber crops.
 Insecticide resistance management and analysis of insecticide
residue in crops.
 Research and development of commercial cultivation of
economic insect especially lakkha.
 Dissemination of most appropriate insect pest management
technologies to the end users.
Present Target of Entomology Division, BARI …..

• To protect the BARI mandated crops from devastating

insect pest attack, economically and in a sustainable
manner by developing bio-rational based management
packages.
• To ensure food safety.
Working Areas of Entomology Division:
• Integrated Pest Management;
• Insecticide Toxicology and Pesticide Residue
Analysis;
• Pest surveillance & Insect systematic;
• Economic Entomology.
 Priority areas in Pest management:
Perspective Bangladesh
Sustainable Development Goal 2
SDG’S followed by Targets Role of BARI with Targets
 
2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable Identifications of different destructive
food production systems and pests and diseases developed due to
implement resilient agricultural global warming. At the same time
practices IPM/IDM approaches for their sustainable
management will be developed improving
land and soil quality.

3 By 2030, development of health Development and expansion of bio-

and environmental crop rational based IPM/IDM approaches (at
protection system by reducing the least 50 technologies) for a sustainable
use of chemical pesticides pest management system instead of
existing chemical pesticide based system.
 Priority areas in Pest management:
Perspective Bangladesh
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Present Pest Management Scenario in
Bangladesh
Decline of chemical pesticides use (2009-2015)

Around 29%
less chemical
pesticides
were used
during 2015
than that of
2009

Saving 167 crore taka for less importation of chemical

pesticide along with environmental and health protection
 Present Pest Management Scenario in
Bangladesh
 The worst scenario prevailed in the pest management
arenas of the country, which has been improving in the
recent past.

 Indiscriminate use of synthetic toxic chemical pesticides

(misuse and overuse, use of impure and improper, non-
registered or sometimes banned pesticides) is a
common scenario especially in the high valued crops,
viz. some vegetables and fruit crops.
 FOOD SAFETY ISSUE

Name of pesticides Level of occurrence (ppm) Permitted MRL (ppm) Remarks

 
Dimethoate 40 EC 2.942 0.2 14.71 times more
  residue over MRL
 
Quinalphos 25 EC 0.387 0.2 1.94 times more
  residue over MRL
 
Maintain of Pre-harvest Interval is must in pest management system
Insecticides Pre harvest interval (days)
Cypermethrin 04-05
Malathion 07-11
Fentrithion 08-12
Carbofuran 21-33
Carbaryl 13-18
Chlopyrifos 08-12
Fenvalerate 05-07
Cartap 07-11
Diazinon 11-15
Quinalphos 11-15
Dimethoate 08-12
Carbosulfan 17-21
Deltamethrin 05-11

Pre-harvest interval should be followed

Indiscriminate use of pesticides on
environment in Bangladesh
 Pest Resistance

Bangladesh
scenarios
Brinjal fruit & shoot borer

Country bean pod borer

Helicoverpa armigera
Devastating Outbreak of Borer Pest:
Spodoptera litura

Chalan Bill Area, Sirajganj

Bitter gourd Mung Chilli

Okra Aroids Tomato

Spodoptora sp. on different crops

Spodoptera on Sweet potato
Spodoptera on Banana
 Armyworm attack in Africa & Bangladesh

African Armyworm, Spodoptera exempta Bangladesh Armyworm, Spodoptera litura

Outbreak in Africa Outbreak in Tarash, Sirajgonj

Tortoise beetle (Aspidimorpha difformis) on sweet potato
QUARANTINE INSECT PESTS OF FRUIT CROPS

Papaya mealy bug Tube spittle bug in ber

Ber Nut weevil Red banded caterpillar

(fruit borer)
 Management of Mango hopper is another
problem area?

Healthy Infested inflorescence by hopper nymphs

inflorescence and adults

Hundred percent inflorescence can be damaged due to

the attack of mango hoppers.
Mango mealy bug &
giant mealy bug
Out Break of Sucking Insect Pests

Whitefly Thrips

Thrips Aphids
 New Insect Pest Record
Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta in Bangladesh

Egg Larva Pupa Adult

Tuta absoluta is a species of moth in family Gelechiidae , order Lepidoptera

 This moth was first known as a tomato pest in many South American
countries.
 In 2006, it was identified in Europe and in 2009 in Middle East.
 In 2014, it was first reported from India and Afghanistan.
 In 2016, it was first reported in Bangladesh.
 New Insect Pest Record

Different types of crop host and nature of damage

Spiralling whitefly and
mealy bug complex on
different crops like
brinjal, papaya, chilli
etc.
Serious outbreak of flea beetle, Phyllotreta sp.
in different crucifers
Serious
Seriousinfestation
infestationof
ofFlea
Fleabeetle
beetle
observed
observedininMustard
Mustard

Infested
Infestedleaf
leaf
Damaged field
Infested
Infested plant
plant
Infested
Infestedstem
stemby
bylarva
larva
Infested
Infestedpod
pod
Infested
Infestedleaf
leafand
andpod
pod
New Insect Pest Recorded During 2015-17
Root Aphids in Potato at Bogra

Root aphids — aphids that stay

at or above the soil line — are
from the family Phylloxera, a
near-cousin of aphids.

They’re hard to spot and unlike small colonies of green and other aphids
found on stems and leaves, root aphids are more likely to get out of
control. They can multiply quickly, unseen, and sap enough vigor from
potato plants.
Betelvine black fly, Aleurocanthus rugosa

Adults Eggs Pupae

Adult Infested leaf

 Mealy bug

Mealy bug in betel leaf Damage: 11.1%

26 April 2011

26 April 2011

03 May 2011

Incidence of fall armyworm in Maize

26 April 2011

26 April 2011

03 May 2011

Incidence of false coddling moth

 Careless about personnel
safety measures during
pesticide spraying

Standard method Farmer’s practice

 Solutions
DEVELOPMENT AND DISSEMINATION OF
IPM TECHNOLOGIES AGAINST DIFFERENT
PESTS

THAT MUST BE EFFECTIVE, CHIEF, SUSTAINABLE

NON-HAZARDOUS, ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND
SOCIALLY ACCEPTIBLE
Developed alternatives of synthetic
pesticides in Bangladesh
 Local production of pheromone

Pheromone of BSFB : Brinjal

Pheromone of melon fruit fly : 16 cucurbit crops
Pheromone of oriental fruit fly : Mango, Guava and Orange
Pheromone of Spodoptera litura : Wide host range
Pheromone of Helicoverpa armigera : Vegetables, cotton
‰`wbK B‡ËdvK: 13 Ryb
2015
Mass rearing protocol development of
different bio-agents

Predators: Lady bird beetle, Green

lace wing and earwigs
 Mass Rearing of egg & Larval Parasitoids

Mass rearing of Bracon hebetor Mass rearing of Trichogramma sp.

Mass rearing protocol development of different bio-agents

 Bio-pesticides
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus against Helicoverpa: NPV HA
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus against Spodoptera: NPV SP
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus against Maruca: NPV
MA

Water dispersible powder formulation of Bacillus

thuringiensis (Bt)
Extremely safe to mammals, man, natural enemies, non-target
pests, pollinators, fishes, and birds etc.
MANAGEMENT OF SUCKING PESTS WITH
NEEM SEED EXTRACT

Effective neem based formulations have been

registered
Eco-friendly and less expensive
Use of Resistance Varieties

BARI Begun-8
Immune to Bacterial Wilt
Heat tolerant
Shiny black purple color
Yield: 45-50 tons/ ha
 Development of Integrated
Pest Management Packages
 IPM OF DIFFERENT CROPS
For safe food, higher production and environmental protection

IPM
IPM packages
packages against
against insect
insect
pest of brinjal can increase
pest of brinjal can increase
30-45
30-45yield
yieldofofhealthy
healthybrinjals
brinjals
Jadur
JadurPhad
Phad
Continuous mass trapping
with pheromone, cuelure can
significantly reduce fruit fly
population in the cucurbit
fields

IPM
IPMpackage
packagedevelopment
developmentwas
wasstarted
startedin
inbrinjal
brinjal
later
lateron
onIPM
IPMpackage
packageon
on22
22different
differentcrops
cropsdeveloped
developed

viz.
viz.Bitter
Bittergourd,
gourd,sweet
sweetgourd,
gourd,ridge
ridgegourd,
gourd,ash
ashgourd,
gourd,tassel
tasselgourd,
gourd,sponge
sponge
gourd, snake gourd, Cucumber, water melon, cabbage, cauliflower, chili,
gourd, snake gourd, Cucumber, water melon, cabbage, cauliflower, chili,
tomato, country bean, string bean, aroids, mango, guava, jujube, litchi
 IPM OF DIFFERENT CROPS
Pheromone
Pheromone&&bio-bio-
control
control based IPMofof
based IPM
borersofofaroids
borers aroidscan
can
increase 40-50% healthy
increase 40-50% healthy
Severely borer infested aroid leaf crop
cropyield
yield

Pheromone
Pheromone&&bio- bio-
pesticide
pesticide basedIPM
based IPMofof
cabbage
cabbagecancanprotect
protect95-
95-
100% head infestation
100% head infestation
Severely pest infested cabbage leaf

Pheromone
Pheromone&&bio- bio-
pesticide
pesticide basedIPM
based IPMofof
Chili
Chilican
canreduce
reduce80%
80%
infestation over control
infestation over control
Severely pest infested chili

BARI
BARIdeveloped
developed2222(twenty
(twentytwotwo) )highly
highlypopular
popularIPM
IPMpackages
packagesfor
for
insect
insectpests
pestsofofdifferent
differentcrops
crops(during
(during2009-16)
2009-16)
IPM
IPMpackages
packagescan
canincrease
increase25-55%
25-55%healthy
healthycrop
cropyield
yieldover
overnon-IPM
non-IPM
with
withless
lesscost
costinvolvement
involvement
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Transgenic crop development

Bt gene Cry I (AC) was incorporated in nine popular brinjal lines/varieties

for controlling brinjal fruit and shoot borer

BARI Bt begun 1 BARI Bt begun 2 BARI Bt begun 3 BARI Bt begun 4

(Uttara) (Kazla)
Kazla (Nayantara) (ISD 006)

Proposed
for release

Singhnath Dohazari Khotkhotia

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Pesticide Analytical Lab of
Entomology Division is a well equipped
laboratory devoted for pesticide toxicology
research and residue analysis
Main Activities
• Crop, product (producer to
consumer level) and region based
pesticide residue status
determination.
• Crop wise pre harvest interval (PHI)
determination.
• Determination of pesticide residue
degradation.
• Purity analysis of different field use
pesticide
• Determination of ripening
chemicals on different fruits &
vegetable (tomato, banana, papaya
& mango).
Economic Insect
 Lac is the resinous DIVERSIFIED USES OF LAC
substances secreted as • Paint and Varnish
a protective covering by • Ornaments
the tiny lac insect, Kerria • Electrical insulation
• Cosmetics
lacca Kerr.
• Pharmaceutical industries
• Bulb capping cement
• Chocolate and fruit coating
• Automobile industries
• Floor, Shoe, Automobile polish
• Textile industries etc.
Lac Insect

Demand of Bangladesh
- 20,000 mt – 25,000 mt /year

Production of Bangladesh
- 2,000 mt – 3,000 mt /year
Rest are imported from India
Development of lac on ber

Economic Insect, Lakkha

18 May 2013
Workshop and field days arranged during 2017-18

Field workshop on 6 February 2018

Workshop and field days arranged during 2017-18

Field workshop on 18 March 2018

Arrangement of National IPM Training at
Entomology Division, BARI

Training on IPM conducted for the Entomologists of the NARS Institutions

13-17 May 2018
 Arrangement of National Training on Pesticide Residue
Analysis at Entomology Division, BARI

Hands on training on Pesticide

Residue Analysis of 08 national
institutes were arranged
 Arrangement of International IPM Training at
Entomology Division, BARI

Scientists, Extension workers of Seven SAARC Countries participated

in the IPM training program at BARI, Gazipur, 28-31 May 2018
Training of Scientists from SAARC member countries at Entomology Division,
BARI
Training of Scientists from Sri Lanka at Entomology Division, BARI
Visit of different National and International Team at Entomology Division, BARI

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Technical Assistance to Private Sectors in IPM
Product Development

• Ispahani Agro Ltd.

• Russel IPM Ltd. (UK origin)
• Safe Agriculture Bangladesh Ltd.
• G. M. Agro. Ltd.
• MacDonald Company Ltd. Bangladesh
On going/upcoming projects of Entomology Division, BARI
• Toxicology and PRA (Revenue funded);
• GIZ funded & AVRDC collaborated project on Resist
Protect & Prevent of Solanacious pests
• NATP 2 funded: Fruit Fly sub-project, Pesticide
Residue Mapping sub-project & Lac Production sub-
project.
• GOB Funded: Development and expansion of bio-
rational based integrated management of vegetables,
fruits and betel leaf.
• FAO Funded: Pesticide residue analysis project.
Manpower position

Present Positions Number Remarks

 

Chief scientific Officer 02 No Entomologist at

RARS, Hathhazari,
Principal Scientific Officer 04 Chittagong and
Akbarpur,
Senior Scientific Officer 16 Moulovinazar, Hill
Stations.
Scientific Officer 06
07 scientists are in
deputation.
Total 31
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Still long way to go ……..
Pest management is a dynamic & continuous
approach. Development / improvement of
management technologies against devastating pests
must be continued with …….

…… reduced cost, minimum risk or hazard to

human and desirable components of
environment.