Artificial respiration 

 A procedure to mechanically or manually 
force air into and out of
the lungs in a rhythmic 
manner to restore or maintain respiration in a
person who has stopped breathing. Also called
 artificial ventilation .(Medical Dictionary)
 Artificial respiration
• A procedure used to restore or maintain
respiration in a person who has stopped
breathing. The method uses mechanical or
manual means to force air into and out of the
lungs in a rhythmic fashion.
• Artificial respiration, any measure that causes air
to flow in and out of a person's lungs when
natural breathing is inadequate or ceases, as in
respiratory paralysis, drowning, electric shock,
choking, gas or smoke inhalation, or poisoning.
 What is Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR)?
• Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or CPR is an
emergency medical procedure indicated in
victims of cardiac arrest and sometimes in
victims of severe symptomatic cardiovascular
and circulatory compromise. A victim of
cardiac arrest is defined as a person who is
unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic (or
exhibiting agonal respirations).
• Agonal respirations are ineffective breaths
produced with poor respiratory effort, volume,
quality, or rate that are unsustainable of life. CPR
technique typically includes external delivery of
chest compressions and ventilations/breaths.
CPR produces circulation in the absence of
spontaneous cardiac output and allows for
delivery of oxygen rich blood throughout the
body. Effectively delivered CPR prolongs cellular
death and may allow time for more definitive
care to be delivered.
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, also known as
CPR, is a set of basic emergency skills designed to
help save a person's life when her heart has
stopped beating or she has stopped breathing.
The American Heart Association, or AHA,
emphasizes the importance of CPR by stating that
CPR, performed in an effective and timely manner,
can double a person's chance of survival.
• Function of CPR
• The purpose of CPR is to provide critical body
organs with oxygen-rich blood.CPR performs two
basic functions: Chest compressions help
maintain the circulation of blood throughout the
victim's body to vital organs in the absence of a
pulse, and rescue breathing, such as mouth-to-
mouth, helps provide the victim's blood with
oxygen in the absence of normal breathing.
 Importance of CPR
• When a person stops breathing or his heart
stops beating, his body organs no longer are
receiving the oxygen needed to stay alive, and
the tissues will ultimately begin to die. So CPR
protect the tissue from dying.
• The most vital organ that must be protected is
the brain; in the absence of a pulse or
respirations, a person's brain will undergo
permanent damage after only four minutes.
Performing effective CPR keeps the blood
oxygenated and keeps the brain supplied with
the oxygen it needs to stay alive and avoid
damage.
• If CPR is started within a few minutes of the
heart stopping, the patient can sometimes be
returned to normal without serious damage to
the brain and other organs of the body.
 Goal of artificial respiration
• The goal is to attempt to bring the patient
back to life
 Types of artificial respiration
1. Manual-
 By mouth to mouth method
 By mouth to nose method
 By using AMBU (Artificial manual breathing
unit) Bag
2. Mechanical- By using mechanical devices such
as putting the patient in mechanical
ventilators.
 Types of Artificial respiration
• There are two types of artificial respiration. The
first, termed Basic Life Support (BLS), has two
parts:Pressing on the patient's chest to help the
heart pump blood to all the parts of the body.
This is called chest compressions.
• Getting air into the lungs is done by someone
giving mouth-to-mouth breathing or squeezing
air into the lungs with a bag attached to a mask
placed over the patient's face.
• Basic Life Support is important in a patient
whose heart stops inside or outside the
hospital. When someone stops breathing or
has no heart beat outside the hospital, by-
standers can help save a patient's life if they
begin Basic Life Support until paramedics
arrive.
• The second topic of CPR, Advanced Cardiac
Life Support (ACLS), includes the steps in Basic
Life Support and additional ways of restarting
the heart. These include:
1. The use of electrical shocks and/or
medications to make the heart work again.
Until the heart starts to work again, someone
presses on the chest to pump blood to other
parts of the body.
2. Putting a tube into the patient's windpipe and
then connecting the tube to a bag that has
oxygen. The bag is squeezed to push oxygen
into the lungs and from there the heart pumps
the oxygen to other parts of the body. The
tube in the windpipe is later attached to a
mechanical ventilator if the patient's heart
beat and blood pressure return.