L

U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Y

L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Y
Greases

05/ 27 / 2004 1
CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen
 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Task of a Lubricant Y
Separation of the friction-partners

Reduce friction

Reduction of wear

Avoid negative aspects deriving from the

lubricant or its ingredients

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

2
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
a grease consists of: Y

Base Oil
70-95% by weight

Thickener
3-30% by weight

Additives
0-10% by weight

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

3
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Y
Base Oil Mineral oil:
70-95% by weight
- naphthenic based
- paraffinic based

Synthetic oil:
- polyalphaolefin (PAO)
- ester
- polyglycol
- silicone oil
- perfluorpolyether (PFPE)
05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic
4
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Y
Thickener Soap thickened:
3-30% by weight
- metal soap (lithium, sodium)
- metal complex soap

Soap free:
- bentonite
- gel
- aerosil
- polyurea
- polymer (PTFE)
05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic
5
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Y
Additives - solids (MoS2, PTFE, graphite)
0-10% by weight
- oxidation inhibitor
- corrosion inhibitor
- E(xtreme) P(ressure)-additive
- tacky modifier
- viscosity improver
- dry running property improver

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

6
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Oil Characteristics Y
Mineral Oil: operating temperature: -30°C up to 150°C
viscosity index: 80 - 100

Pros
- wide viscosity range available
- good additive solubility
(additive response)
Cons
- moderate oxidation stability
- average thermal stability
- poor viscosity-temperature-
performance

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

7
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Oil Characteristics Y
PAO: operating temperature: -60°C up to 200°C
viscosity index: max. 120 - 170

Pros
- good miscibility (mineral, ester)
- good low temperature property
- good ageing stability
- good oxidation stability
Cons
- limited sealing compatibility
=> causes shrinking

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

8
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Oil Characteristics Y
Ester: operating temperature: -60°C up to 200°C
viscosity index: 140 - 175

Pros Cons
- miscible with mineral oil - limited sealing compatibility
- low temperature properties => causes swelling
-good ageing, oxidation stability
- adhesive due to polarity
- good lubricity
05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic
9
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Oil Characteristics Y
Polyglycol: operating temperature: -50°C up to 200°C
viscosity index: 150 - 270

Pros Cons
- miscibility with ester - not miscible with mineral oil
- low temperature performance and poylalphaolefin
-good ageing, oxidation stability - limited sealing compatibility
- natural EP-properties - average varnish compatibility
- poor water resistance
05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic
10
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Oil Characteristics Y
Silicone Oil: operating temperature: -60°C up to 250°C
viscosity index: 190 - 500

Pros Cons
- excellent sealing compatibility - no miscibility with any oil
- low temperature properties - poor lubricity
- good aeging, oxidation stability - poor additive solubility
- very good water resistance - low surface tension
- best v-t-performance - low polarity
05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic
11
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Oil Characteristics Y
PFPE: operating temperature: -30°C up to 250°C
viscosity index: 50 - 140

Pros Cons
- 100% plastic-, sealing, and - no miscibility with other oils
varnish compatibility - price
- high temperature properties - hardly any additive solubility
- thermal resistance - necessity of pre-treatment of
- load carrying capacity the friction-partner
05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic
12
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Oil Characteristics (summary) Y

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

13
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Miscibility of base oils Y
Polyalpha- Silicone oil Silicone oil Perfluor-
Base oil Mineral oil Ester oil Polyglycol
olefin (methyl) (phenyl) polyether
Mineral oil
Polyalpha-
olefin
Ester oil

Polyglycol
Silicone oil
(methyl)
Silicone oil
(phenyl)
Perfluor-
polyether

not miscible
partly miscible
miscible

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

14
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Thickener Characteristics Y
Calcium soap: operating temperature: up to 160°C
soap content: 15 - 18%

Properties:
- good adhesion
- excellent water resistance
- corrosion protection depends on alkalinity

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

15
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Thickener Characteristics Y
Lithium soap: operating temperature: up to 140°C
soap content: 6 - 10%

Properties:
- good adhesion
- good water resistance
- good corrosion protection

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

16
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Thickener Characteristics Y
Aluminium operating temperature: up to 160°C
soap: soap content: approx. 7%

Properties:
- excellent adhesive power
- poor water resistance
- good corrosion protection

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

17
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Thickener Characteristics Y
Polyurea: operating temperature: up to 220°C
soap content: 20 - 25%

Properties:
- high temperature properties
- water insoluble
- very adhesive on (non)ferrous metal and plastics
- excellent noise damping properties
- hardly any consisteny change over temp. range
05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic
18
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Major Thickener Characteristics Y
Bentonite: operating temperature: up to 170°C
soap content: approx. 10%

Properties:
- high temperature properties
- no drop point
- water-, acid-, alkali-resistant
- not miscible with other types of thickener
=> causes oil separation and penetration change
05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic
19
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HI
C
NAT
IG
O
N
Major Thickener Characteristics (Summary) O LOY

xls-version

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

20
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Miscibility of greases Y
Type of Calcium Ca-komplex Lithium Li-komplex Li/Ca Sodium Gel / Ba-komplex Al-komplex
Polyurea
thickener soap soap soap soap soap soap Bentonite soap soap
Calcium
soap
Ca-komplex
soap
Lithium
soap
Li-komplex
soap
Li/Ca soap
Sodium
soap
Gel /
Bentonite
Ba-komplex
soap
Al-komplex
soap
Polyurea

not miscible miscible

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

21
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
NLGI-Grade Y
NLGI Grade Worked penetration consistency
00 400 - 430 semi-fluid
0 355 - 385 very soft
1 310 - 340 soft
2 265 - 295 medium soft
3 220 - 250 medium
4 175 - 205 stiff
05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic
22
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Parameter for the right choice Y
Loads (EP-properties required ?)

Design (geometry)

Material (plastic-compatibility, copper corrosion)

Surface of friction partners (solids

necessary ?)
Ambient conditions (temperature, dust/dirt, water,
agressive media)
05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic
23
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Example - Temperature Y
is caused by internal friction and ambient temperature

affects
to

- viscosity - behaviour towards air / water

-consistency - additive performance
- aeging properties - pumpability

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

24
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 Basic Information
Lithium / Mineral oil Al-compl. / Mineral oil
L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Grease life 65°C = 40.000h
80°C = 20.000h
95°C = 10.000h
Single row grooved 80°C = 40.000h
ball bearing subjected 95°C = 20.000h
to favorable environ- 110°C = 10.000h
Y
110°C = 5.000h mental conditions 125°C = 5.000h
15°K-RULE 125°C = 2.500h 140°C = 2.500h
140°C = 1250h 155°C = 1.250h
170°C = 600h
Polyurea / Mineral oil 185°C = 300h
90°C = 40.000h
105°C = 20.000h Polyurea / PAO
120°C = 10.000h 120°C = 40.000h
each 15°K 135°C = 5.000h
150°C = 2.500h
135°C = 20.000h
150°C = 10.000h
increase of 165°C = 1.250h
180°C = 600h
165°C = 5.000h
180°C = 2.500h
temperature 195°C = 300h 195°C = 1.250h
210°C = 650h
reduces the PTFE / PFPE
200°C = 40.000h
225°C = 300h

grease 215°C = 20.000h

230°C = 10.000h
Coefficient of reduction
Dust and humidity: x 0,4 - 0,7

service life 245°C = 5.000h

260°C = 2.400h
Vibrations and ascillations:
Other bearing types:
x 0,4 - 0,7
x 0,4 - 0,9

by 50% 275°C = 1.250h

290°C = 600h

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

25
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom

 L
U
T
E
CB
R
HIC
NA
T
O
LIG
OO
N
Y

Thank you
for your attention !!!

05/ 27 / 2004 Basics Choice Req Auto CBAuto Plastic

26
ND

CARL BECHEM GMBH - Hagen E-Cont Chassis Others Custom