Hibernate Query

Language (HQL)
Topics
 What is HQL?
 "FROM" clause
 Associations and join
 "SELECT " clause
 Polymorphic query
 "WHERE " clause
What is HQL?
Hibernate Query Language (HQL)
 Very similar to SQL but less verbose
 Understands OO – inheritance, polymorphism,
association, aggregation, composition
 Selection: from, as
 Associations and joins: inner join, left outer join,
right outer join, full join
 Projection: select, elements
 Constraints: where
 Other constructs: aggregate functions, expressions,
order by clauses, group by clauses, polymorphic
selections, sub-queries
Differences from SQL
 HQL is fully object-oriented, understanding
notions like inheritance, polymorphism and
association
 Queries are case-insensitive, except for names
of Java classes and properties.
 So SeLeCT is the same as sELEct is the same as
SELECT
 but org.hibernate.eg.FOO is not org.hibernate.eg.Foo
and foo.barSet is not foo.BARSET
"FROM" clause
"FROM" clause
 Return all instances of the class, example.Customer
FROM example.Customer
 Usually don't need to qualify the class name, since
auto-import is the default.
FROM Customer is same as FROM example.Customer
 Most of the time, you will want to assign an alias,
since you will want to refer to the Customer in other
parts of the query
FROM Customer AS customer
Or
FROM Customer customer
"FROM" clause for multiple classes
 Multiple classes may appear, resulting in a
Cartesian product or "cross" join.
FROM Formula, Parameter
FROM Formula AS form, Parameter AS param
 Local variable naming recommendation
 Name query aliases using an initial lowercase,
consistent with Java naming standards for local
variables
Associations and
Joins
JOIN
 We may also assign aliases to associated
entities, or even to elements of a collection of
values, using a join
 FROM Cat AS cat
INNER JOIN cat.mate AS mate
LEFT OUTER JOIN cat.kittens AS kitten
 FROM Cat AS cat LEFT JOIN
cat.mate.kittens AS kittens
 FROM Formula form FULL JOIN
form.parameter param
JOIN types supported
 inner join
 left outer join
 right outer join
 full join (not usually useful)
"SELECT" clause
SELECT clause
 The select clause picks which objects and
properties to return in the query result set
SELECT course
FROM CourseOffering AS offering
INNER JOIN offering.course AS course
 Compact form
SELECT offering.course
FROM CourseOffering offering
SELECT clause
 Queries may return properties of any value type
including properties of component type
SELECT cat.name FROM DomesticCat cat
WHERE cat.name LIKE 'fri%'
SELECT cust.name.firstName
FROM Customer AS cust
 Queries may return multiple objects and/or properties
as an array of type Object[]
SELECT mother, offspr, mate.name
FROM DomesticCat AS mother
INNER JOIN mother.mate AS mate
LEFT OUTER JOIN mother.kittens AS offspr
SELECT clause
 Queries may return multiple objects and/or
properties as a List
SELECT new List(mother, offspr, mate.name)
FROM DomesticCat AS mother
INNER JOIN mother.mate AS mate
LEFT OUTER JOIN mother.kittens AS offspr
 Or as an actual typesafe Java object
SELECT new Family(mother, mate, offspr)
FROM DomesticCat AS mother
JOIN mother.mate AS mate
LEFT JOIN mother.kittens AS offspr
Polymorphic Query
Polymorphic queries
 The query below returns instances not only of
Employee, but also of subclasses like
HourlyEmployee
FROM Employee AS employee
 Hibernate queries may name any Java class or
interface in the from clause.
 The query will return instances of all persistent
classes that extend that class or implement the
interface.
 The following query would return all persistent
objects
FROM java.lang.Object o
"WHERE" clause
WHERE clause
 The where clause allows you to narrow the list of
instances returned.
 If no alias exists, you may refer to properties by
name
FROM Cat WHERE name='Fritz'
 If there is an alias, use a qualified property
name:
FROM Cat AS cat WHERE cat.name='Fritz'
where clause
 Return all instances of Foo for which there exists
an instance of bar with a date property equal to
the startDate property of the Foo
SELECT foo
FROM Foo foo, Bar bar
WHERE foo.startDate = bar.date
 Compound path expressions make the where
clause extremely powerful.
FROM Cat cat WHERE
cat.mate.name IS NOT NULL
Expresstions
 Mathematical operators : + - * /
 Binary comparison operators = >= <= <> !=
like
 logical operations and, or, not
 Parentheses(), indicating grouping: in, not
in, between, is null, is not null, is
empty, is not empty, member of and
not member of
 "Simple" case, case ... when ... then ...
else ... end, and "searched" case, case
when ... then ... else ... end
Binary comparison operators:
 Các phép toán này sẽ giúp cho câu Query tìm
kiếm dễ dàng bằng cách so sánh: = , >= , <= ,
<> , != , like
 Ví dụ
 FROM Student st WHERE st.name='Nguyen Chi Tien'
 FROM Course c WHERE c.credits>=4
 FROM Course c WHERE c.credits<>4
 FROM Course c WHERE c.name<>'CSDL'
 FROM Course c WHERE c.name != 'MMT'
 FROM Student st WHERE st.name LIKE 'Nguyen%'
 Tìm student có tên bắt đầu bằng chuỗi Nguyen…
Logical operations
 Các phép toán này giúp ta có thể kết hợp nhiều
điều kiện trong mệnh đề WHERE:
 AND, OR, NOT
 Các vd:
 FROM Course c WHERE c.name = 'HTTTDL' AND
c.id=8
 FROM Course c WHERE c.name='CSDL' OR
c.credits=3
 FROM Course c WHERE c.name IS NOT 'CSDL'
Parentheses
 Chỉ ra một nhóm các giá trị chứa trong ngoặc đơn:
 IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, IS NULL, IS NOT NULL, IS EMPTY, IS
NOT EMPTY, MEMBER OF, NOT MEMBER OF
 IN, NOT IN
 FROM Course c WHERE c.name IN ('HTTTDL, 'MMT')
 FROM Course c WHERE c.name NOT IN ('HTTTDL', 'MMT')
 BETWEEN, NOT BETWEEN
 FROM Course c WHERE c.credits BETWEEN 1 AND 4
 FROM Course c WHERE c.credits NOT BETWEEN 1 AND 4
 IS NULL, IS NOT NULL
 FROM Student st WHERE st.emails.size IS NULL
 FROM Student st WHERE st.emails.size IS NOT NULL
Order By
 Một kết quả trả về của câu Query có thể được
sắp xếp theo các thuộc tính của một lớp hoặc
Components
 Chúng ta có thể sắp xếp tăng dần bằng từ khóa
ASC(mặc định) hoặc giảm dần bằng DESC hoặc
kết hợp ASC, DESC
 Các vd:
 FROM Student st ORDER BY st.name
 FROM Course c ORDER BY c.name desc
 FROM Course c ORDER BY c.name, c.credits desc
Group By
 Một câu Query kết quả trả về được nhóm lại
theo một thuộc tính của Class hay Components
SELECT course.credits, COUNT(course)
FROM Course course
GROUP BY course.credits
 Chúng ta cũng có thể Query kèm theo điều kiện
khi Group by bằng từ khóa Having
SELECT course.credits, COUNT(course)
FROM Course course
GROUP BY course.credits
HAVING course.credits > 3
having and order by
SELECT course.credits, SUM(course.id)
FROM Course course
GROUP BY course.credits
HAVING SUM(course.credits)>3
ORDER BY course.credits desc
 Chú ý: group by cũng như ORDER BY không
được chứa đựng biểu thức toán học hay tính
toán
Subqueries
 Một subquery phải được bao trong dấu ngoặc
đơn. Subquery cũng có thể sử dụng một alias
bên ngoài.
 FROM Course course WHERE course.credits >
SELECT AVG(c.credits) FROM Course c)
 SELECT st.id, (SELECT MAX(email.size) FROM
st.emails email) FROM Student st
 Subqueris có thể dùng nhiều biểu thức trong
select
 FROM Cat AS cat
WHERE NOT (cat.name, cat.color)
IN (SELECT cat.name, cat.color
FROM DomesticCat cat)
Insert
 Update sử dụng phương thức executeUpdate()
String masv="0313003";
Student st = (Student) ses.load(Student.class, StuId);
String oldName = st.getName();
String hqlUpdate = "update Student st set st.name
= :newName where st.name = :oldName";
int updatedEntities = ses.createQuery( hqlUpdate)
.setString("newName", newName)
.setString("oldName", oldName).executeUpdate();
Delete
 Sử dụng phương thức executeUpdate() để xóa:
String name = "CSDL";
String hqlDelete = "DELETE Course c
WHERE c.name = :oldName";
int deletedEntities =
ses.createQuery(hqlDelete)
.setString("oldName", name)
.executeUpdate();
 Kết quả trả về của phương thức excuteUpdate
là int cho ta biết số lượng được update ,không
ảnh hưởng đến số dòng trong Database
Tips & Tricks
 Ta có thể đếm được số lượng của kết quả mà
không cần phải đưa ra kết quả.
Integer acc = ((Integer)
(session.iterate("select count(*) from Course")
.next()).intValue();
 Ta cũng có thể sắp xếp kết quả trả về theo size
của một collection
String sqlStr = "SELECT st.mssv, st.name
FROM Student AS st JOIN st.emails AS email
GROUP BY st.mssv, st.name
ORDER BY COUNT(email)";
Query q = se.createQuery(sqlStr);
Iterator result = q.iterate();