Pakistan Drill-In Fluids Presentation

DRILL-IN
FLUIDS
Islamabad, Pakistan
April, 2001
© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

All rights reserved. Page 1
The TERMINOLOGY of Drill-
In Fluids!
 What is a DRILL-IN Fluid!
– A fluid that possesses the desirable properties of a
good drilling fluid, but also provides the necessary
attributes of a completion fluid.
– It’s primary attribute is the development of a filter
cake which effectively prevents formation damage and
is easily removed.

Reservoir DRILL-IN Fluids!
 Basic design criteria
– Drilling fluid properties
– Completion fluid properties
 Desired result
– Promote trouble free drilling
– Facilitate simplified clean-up (cake removal)
– Maximize reservoir production
 Baker Hughes Inteq Drill-In Fluids:
– PERFFLOW
– Biolose 90
– ClearDrill
This Presentation Looks at
PERFFLOW Fluids!
 The PERFFLOW fluid SHOULD be the ONLY
fluid the producing formation sees during the
final drilling operation!

The OBJECTIVES!
 Our objectives are to examine, in some detail,

what is perhaps the MOST SUCCESSFUL of
the range of drill-in fluids offered by Baker
Hughes Inteq!
 We will discuss the theory, the application
and the engineering of this system!

The PERFFLOW System:
An Overview!
 Based upon a BRIDGING TECHNIQUE that
positively controls leak-off of the fluid into
the producing formation!
 Provides a bridging zone (filtercake) that is
easily removed by the produced fluid!
 Effective over a wide range of formation
permeabilities!
 Requires NO breakers to remove the cake!
PERFFLOW Systems -
The Basic Concepts!
• Designed to be used as drill-in fluids.
 Characteristics of a drilling fluid.
 Necessary attributes of a completion fluid.
• Based on a bridging technique that positively
controls leak-off of the fluid into the producing
formation.
• This bridging zone builds a filter cake that can
be easily removed by produced fluids.
 Normally does not require acid or breakers to remove the
cake. This is accomplished by flowing fluids alone.
The Fluid Loss Mechanism!
 A direct result of
the MECHANICAL
bridging of
PROPERLY SIZED
calcium carbonate
particles on pore
throat openings.
Filter cake of graded calcium
carbonate and polymers!
PSD of Calcium Carbonate!
PS D of MILCARB in Wate r VS PERFFLOW Fluid
P e rce nt Le s s Tha n
100
80
60
40
20
© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated

P a rtic le S ize , um Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998
Filter Cake Quality!
Filter Cake
Aloxite Disc

PERFFLOW Systems -
How It Works!
 Assume this picture
represents a potential
producing formation.
Unprotected
formation

PERFFLOW Systems -
How It Works!
 When the PERFFLOW
system is used, the
PERFFLOW Solids
coated calcium forming a thin,
carbonate solids impermeable filter cake.
create a thin,
impermeable filter
cake!

PERFFLOW Systems -
How It Works!
 Flowing the well
releases the filter cake
and allows the well to PERFFLOW solids released
from formation face when
produce at optimum well is flowed!
levels!

PERFFLOW Systems:
Features & Benefits!
Features Benefits
 Non-damaging  High Return Permeability
 Low Breakout Pressures  Increased Productivity
 Wide Particle Distribution  Varying Reservoir Permeability
 Wide Density Range  Varying Reservoir Pressure
 Lubricious  Angle Build
 Low Leak-off Rate  Less Filtrate Invasion

PERFFLOW Systems:
System Application!
 One of three products used to prepare
PERFFLOW fluid:
– PERFFLOW DIF and W-306 used for:
• Potassium Chloride
• Sodium Chloride
• Calcium Chloride
• Calcium Bromide
• Zinc Bromide
• Formate brines or mixtures of these brines!

PERFFLOW Systems:
System Application!
 PERFFLOW 100:
– Specially designed for use at or near 100 degrees F
formation temperature!
– Use low density brines normally:
• Sodium Chloride

PERFFLOW Systems:
The Products!
 PERFFLOW DIF:
• A Powder that contains all the polymers and bridging
agents required!
• Packaged in 25 kg sacks.
• One sack added to 0.94 barrels (0.1497 m3) will produce
one barrel (0.1592 m3) of fluid.
• Density is normally controlled by the choice of brine
phase.
• THE ADDITION OF PERFFLOW DIF WILL INCREASE
THE DENSITY OF THE BRINE PHASE BY 0.5-0.6 ppg!

PERFFLOW Systems:
The Products!
 PERFFLOW 100:
• A Powder that contains all the polymers and bridging
agents required!
• Specially designed for use in systems at or near 100
degrees F.
• Use as normal PERFFLOW DIF.

PERFFLOW Systems:
The Products!
 W-306:
• A liquid suspension of the polymers contained in
PERFFLOW DIF.
• Packaged in 5 gallon and 55 gallon drums.
• Contains no calcium carbonate.
• Use to adjust the properties of the finished PERFFLOW
fluid.
• Will reduce fluid loss AND increase rheology!

PERFFLOW Systems:
The Products!
 W-307:
• A liquid suspension of polymers for use with di-valent
brines!
• Used as W-306.
• Does not contain calcium carbonate!

PERFFLOW Systems:
The Products!
 MIL-CARB:
• The calcium carbonate bridging agent used with the
liquid suspensions as a density adjustment material!
• Packaged in 25 kg sacks.
• Can be used for minor density adjustments.

PERFFLOW Systems:
The Products!
 The Brine Phase:
– Virtually any brine can be used.
• Sodium Chloride
• Calcium Bromide
• Zinc Bromide, etc.
– It is recommended that 2.0 - 4.0 % KCl be added to the
brine if additional clay stabilisation is required.

PERFFLOW DIF
Application Guide!
 Low Density Applications (9.2 - 10.5 ppg)
– PERFFLOW DIF (55 lb sack)
– 0.94 bbl brine (NaCl or KCl)
OR
– W-307 (5 or 55 gal) @ 2.0 - 2.25 gpb plus 0.89 bbl brine
– 1 MIL-CARB (50 lb sack)
 High Density Applications (> 10.5 ppg)

– < 1 sack PERFFLOW DIF
– 0.94 bbl brine (any brine)
OR
– W-306 (5 or 55 gal) - 1.75 - 2.25 gpb
– 1 sack MIL-CARB (50 lb)
– Brine volume to 1 bbl

Comparison of MIL-CARB
with Georgia Marble!
Return Permeability
225°F 500psi 4% KCl MILCARB - 85.7%
140/270 sand 40/60 gravel Georgia Marble - No Breakout, No Return
100
80
% Less Than
60
MILCARB
40 G-Marble
20
0
1
8
1.5
12
24
48
96
16
32
64
192
128
Particle Size, microns
An Electron-Microscope
View of the Reservoir!

Conclusions
 Reservoir drill-in fluids must have both drilling fluid

and completion fluid characteristics.
 Specialized devices that simulate downhole
conditions are available for drill-in fluid design.
 A dispersive, self-cleaning filter cake is the most

critical drill-in fluid property.
 Case histories indicate that maximum production

results when design and test protocols are met.

Operational ISSUES!
 Rig Equipment
– Top Drive; Shearing Devices; Solids Control
 Fluid Mixing Facilities

– Liquid Mud Plants
 Displacement Policies and Procedures

– Drilling Fluid to PERFFLOW DIF to final Completion Fluid
 Spotting Fluids & Maintenance Material

– Proprietary Spotting Fluid For PERFFLOW DIF systems
 Storage and Re-use of Fluid

PERFFLOW DIF:
System Limitations!
 KCl System up to 285 F
 CaCl2 / CaBr2 System up to 265 F
 CaBr2 / ZnBr2 System up to 250 F
 Environmental: Heavier Weights


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DRILL-IN

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

 Our objectives are to examine, in some detail,

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

 High Density Applications (> 10.5 ppg)

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

 Reservoir drill-in fluids must have both drilling fluid

 A dispersive, self-cleaning filter cake is the most

 Case histories indicate that maximum production

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

 Fluid Mixing Facilities

 Displacement Policies and Procedures

 Spotting Fluids & Maintenance Material

 Storage and Re-use of Fluid

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

 CaCl2 / CaBr2 System up to 265 F

 CaBr2 / ZnBr2 System up to 250 F

 Environmental: Heavier Weights

© 1998 Baker Hughes Incorporated Principles of Drilling Fluids - August 1998

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