At the end of this module, You can:

1. Identify the subjects of inqury and goals of Anthropology.

2. Explain anthropological perspectives on culture.
3. Describe culture as a complex whole.
4. Identify aspects of culture and society.
5. Raise questions toward a holistic appreciation of cultures and society.
6. Recognize the value of Anthropology for the 21st century
CULTURE
 CULTURE

- It is everything that a person learns as a

member of a society.
 CULTURE IS EVERYTHING

• It is the person has, does, and thinks as a

part of society.
• Implies all Belief system, Set of Behavior and
material Posssessions.
• Culture is a powerful agent in shapinng the
decisions and actions of humans, given
situation.
• Consist of the Material and Non-Material.
 MATERIAL CULTURE
• Includes all the tangible and visible parts of culture,
which includes foods, clothes, and even buildings.
• It differ, as each society is configured by it's environmet
and history(e.g. Culinary Culture of the Phiippines) ids
different from even that of it's neighbors in asia such as
Japan.
• Material Culture is becoming less visible due to
globalization.
 NON-MATERIAL CULTURE

• Includes all Intangible parts of the culture such as

values, ideas, and knowledge.
• The belief and value systems of societies differ from one
another based on their environment and history.
• Values are concept that are culturally determined; it
separates what is acceptable from that which is taboo.
 CULTURE IS LEARNED

• Culture is a set of beliefs, attitudes, and practices

that an individual learns through his/her family,
school, church, and other social institutions.
 CULTURE IS SHARED

• Implies that a particular behavior connot be considered

as a culture if there is only one person practicing it.
• Shared Intergenerationally.
• Hence, to share a culture, it must ba taught to members
of contemporary society who will, in turn, teach the
younger generation.
 CULTURE AFFECTS BIOLOGY
• Human are born into cultures that have values on beauty
and body.
• Among the Mursi Tribe of Ethiopio in Africa, wearing lip
plates is a sign of Beauty.
• Women are expected to wear them appear desirable to
men.
• One of the most popular traditions in China is that FOOT BINDING.
• Among women that ensures their potential for good marriage.
• Other name for Foot Binding is “Lotus Foot” with the ideal 7.5
length centimeters (3 inches).
• This disfigurement renders women who underwent the procedure
crippled and unable to participate in many social events of their
communities.
 CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE

• Culture is a tool for survival that humans use in response

to the pressures of their environment.
• Material ang non-material both influence b the goal of
humans to adddress their needs as dictated by their
biology and environment.
• The Inuits of Arctic Region are well known for building
Igloos during fishing ang hunting expeditions.

• This Dome-shaped homes provide shelter for the mobile

group.
• In Muslims, the consumption of pork is not allowed, so
cattle is one of their primary source of meat.
• In India, on the other hand, cows are venerated, so
consuming beef is considered taboo.
 CULTURAL IS MALADAPTIVE
• Culture can also cause problems for the people who
subscribe to it.
• These problems arise when the environment has change
and cuture has emained the same (e.g. car culture)
present in the most societies is getting maladaptive as the
environment gets polluted.
• The car Industry remains active despite the economic
turmoil it faces as a developing country.
• This culture is highly maladaptive given the roads that
cater to vehicles are not wide enough.
What Have I Learned So Far?
• What is Anthropology?
• Why is Anthrolopogy a Holistic Discipline?
• How Different is the practice of Anthropology in the 19th
century and the 21st century?
• What are the Branches of Anthropology?
• What is Culture?
• What are the Characteristics of Culture?
• How can Culture be both Adapive and Maldaptive?