Professional Documents
Culture Documents
organizational behavior
stephen p. robbins
Chapter
Chapter12
12
Contemporary
Issues in
Leadership
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S
E L E V E N T H E D I T I O N
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. WWW.PRENHALL.COM/ROBBINS PowerPoint
PowerPoint Presentation
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All rights reserved. by
by Charlie
Charlie Cook
Cook
After
After studying
studying this
this chapter,
OBJECTIVES
chapter,
you
you should
should be
be able
able to:
to:
1. Identify the five dimensions of trust.
2. Define the qualities of a charismatic leader.
LEARNING
leaders.
Trust
A positive expectation that
another will not—through
words, actions, or
decisions—act
opportunistically.
Trust is a history-
dependent process
(familiarity) based on
relevant but limited
samples of experience
(risk).
E X H I B I T 12–1
E X H I B I T 12–1
Leadership
Leadership
TRUST
TRUST
and
and
INTEGRITY
INTEGRITY
E X H I B I T 12–2
E X H I B I T 12–2
Source: Gantz Wiley Research. Reproduced in USA Today, February 12, 2003, p. 7B.
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 12–10
Three
Three Types
Types of
of Trust
Trust
Deterrence-based Trust
Trust based on fear of reprisal if the trust is violated.
Knowledge-based Trust
Trust based on behavioral
predictability that comes
from a history of interaction.
Identification-based Trust
Trust based on a mutual understanding of each
other’s intentions and appreciation of the other’s
wants and desires.
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 12–11
Basic
Basic Principles
Principles of
of Trust
Trust
Mistrust drives out trust.
Trust begets trust.
Growth often masks mistrust.
Decline or downsizing tests the highest levels of
trust.
Trust increases cohesion.
Mistrusting groups self-destruct.
Mistrust generally reduces productivity.
Framing
A way to use language to
manage meaning.
Leaders
Leadersuse
useframing
framing
(selectively
(selectivelyincluding
including
or
orexcluding
excludingfacts)
facts)to
to
influence
influencehow
howothers
others
see
seeand
andinterpret
interpret
reality.
reality.
Charismatics
CharismaticsInfluence
InfluenceFollowers
FollowersBy:
By:
1.1. Articulating
Articulatingthe
thevision
vision
2.2. Setting
Settinghigh
highperformance
performanceexpectations
expectations
3.3. Conveying
Conveyingaanew
newset
setof
ofvalues
values
4.4. Making
Makingpersonal
personalsacrifices
sacrifices
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 12–14
Key
Key Characteristics
Characteristics of
of Charismatic
Charismatic Leaders
Leaders
E X H I B I T 12–4 (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 12–4 (cont’d)
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 12–19
Emotional
Emotional Intelligence
Intelligence and
and Leadership
Leadership
Effectiveness
Effectiveness
Elements
Elementsof ofEmotional
Emotional
Intelligence
Intelligence: :
••Self-awareness
Self-awareness
••Self-management
Self-management
••Self-motivation
Self-motivation
••Empathy
Empathy
••Social
Socialskills
skills
Team
TeamLeadership
LeadershipRoles
Roles: :
•• Act
Actas
asliaisons
liaisonswith
with
external
externalconstituencies.
constituencies.
•• Serve
Serveas
astroubleshooters.
troubleshooters.
•• Managing
Managingconflict.
conflict.
•• Coaching
Coachingto
toimprove
improveteam
team
member
memberperformance
performance
Mentor
Mentoring
MentoringActivities
Activities: :
A senior employee who
sponsors and supports a •• Present
Presentideas
ideasclearly
clearly
less-experienced •• Listen
Listenwell
well
employee (a protégé).
•• Empathize
Empathize
•• Share
Shareexperiences
experiences
•• Act
Actas
asrole
rolemodel
model
•• Share
Sharecontacts
contacts
•• Provide
Providepolitical
political
guidance
guidance
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 12–23
Contemporary
Contemporary Leadership
Leadership Roles:
Roles:
Self-Leadership
Self-Leadership
Self-Leadership
Creating
Creatingself
selfleaders
leaders: :
A set of processes
• • Model
Modelself-leadership.
self-leadership.
through which
• • Encourage
Encourageemployees
employeesto
individuals control create self-set goals.
to
create self-set goals.
their own behavior.
• • Encourage
Encouragethetheuse
useof ofself-
self-
rewards.
rewards.
• • Create
Createpositive
positivethought
thought
patterns.
patterns.
• • Create
Createaaclimate
climateofofself-
self-
leadership.
leadership.
• • Encourage
Encourageself-criticism.
self-criticism.
Actions
Actions::
•• Work
Workto topositively
positivelychange
changethethe
attitudes
attitudesandandbehaviors
behaviorsof of
employees.
employees.
•• Engage
Engagein insocially
sociallyconstructive
constructive
behaviors.
behaviors.
•• Do
Donot
notabuse
abusepower
poweror oruse
use
improper
impropermeans
meansto toattain
attaingoals.
goals.
Qualities
Qualitiesattributed
attributedto
toleaders
leaders: :
• • Leaders
Leadersareareintelligent,
intelligent,outgoing,
outgoing,have
havestrong
strongverbal
verbal
skills, are aggressive, understanding, and industrious.
skills, are aggressive, understanding, and industrious.
• • Effective
Effectiveleaders
leadersare
areperceived
perceivedas
asconsistent
consistentand
and
unwavering in their decisions.
unwavering in their decisions.
• • Effective
Effectiveleaders
leadersproject
projectthe
theappearance
appearanceofofbeing
beingaa
leader.
leader.
Individual
Experience/training No effect on Substitutes for
Professionalism Substitutes for Substitutes for
Indifference to rewards Neutralizes Neutralizes
Job
Highly structured task No effect on Substitutes for
Provides its own feedback No effect on Substitutes for
Intrinsically satisfying Substitutes for No effect on
Organization
Explicit formalized goals No effect on Substitutes for
Rigid rules and procedures No effect on Substitutes for
Cohesive work groups Substitutes for Substitutes for
Source: Based on S. Kerr and J. M. Jermier, “Substitutes for Leadership: Their Meaning and E X H I B I T 12–6
E X H I B I T 12–6
Measurement,” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, December 1978, p. 378.
© 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 12–28
Finding
Finding and
and Creating
Creating Effective
Effective Leaders
Leaders
Selection
– Review specific requirements for the job.
– Use tests that identify personal traits associated with
leadership, measure self-monitoring, and assess
emotional intelligence.
– Conduct personal interviews to determine candidate’s fit
with the job.
Training
– Recognize the all people are not equally trainable.
– Teach skills that are necessary for employees to
become effective leaders.
– Provide behavioral training to increase the development
potential of nascent charismatic employees.