10.125 How much combustion efficiency should a homeowner expect from an oil furnace?

The EPA states that 80%

or higher is excellent, 75% to 79% is good, 70% to 74% is fair, and below 70% is poor. A home-heating contractor
who sells two makes of oil heaters (call them A and B) decided to compare their mean efficiencies by analyzing the
efficiencies of 8 heaters of type A and 6 of type B. The resulting efficiency ratings in percentages for the 14 heaters are
shown in the accompanying table.
Type A Type B
72 78
78 76
73 81
69 74
75 82
74 75
69
75
a Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate a difference in mean efficiencies for the two makes of home
heaters? Find the approximate p-value for the test and interpret its value.
b Find a 90% confidence interval for (μA − μB) and interpret the result.
 -2,65702226
10,0173611

0,020906108
10.128 A reading exam is given to the sixth graders at three large elementary schools. The scores on the exam at each
school are regarded as having normal distributions with unknown means μ1,μ2, and μ3, respectively, and unknown
common variance σ2(σ 21= σ22= σ23= σ2). Using the data in the accompanying table on independent random samples from
each school, test to see if evidence exists of a difference between μ1 and μ2. Use α = .05.
School I School II School III
n1 = 10 n2 = 10 n3 = 10
x2i= 36,950 y2i= 25,850 w2i= 49,900
x = 60 y = 50 w = 70
2,10092204

0,038249615
14.34 How would you rate yourself as a driver? According to a survey conducted by the Field Institute, most 13

Californians think that they are good drivers but have little respect for the driving ability of others. The data in the
following tables show the distribution of opinions, according to gender, for two different questions. Data in the first table
give the results obtained when drivers rated themselves; the second table gives the results obtained when drivers rated
others. Although not stated in the source, we assume that there were 100 men and 100 women in each of the surveyed
groups.
Rating self as driver
Gender Excellent Good Fair
Male 43 48 9
Female 44 53 3
Rating others as drivers
Gender Excellent Good Fair Poor
Male 4 42 41 13
Female 3 48 35 14
a Refer to the table in which drivers rated themselves. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate that there is a difference in
the proportions in the three ratings categories for male and female drivers? Give bounds for the p-value associated with
the test.
b Refer to the table in which drivers rated others. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate that there is a difference in the
proportions in the four ratings categories when rating male and female drivers? Give bounds for the p-value associated
with the test. c Have you violated any assumptions in your analyses in parts (a) and (b)? What effect might
these violations have on the validity of your conclusions?
 x^2(alf
14.34)- Rating self as driver g.l alfa a) x^2 p-valor
Excelle
Male nt 43 100 87 43,5 0,006 2 0,05 5,991 3,259 0,196
Male Good 48 100 101 50,5 0,124
Male Fair 9 100 12 6 1,5
Excelle
Female nt 44 100 87 43,5 0,006

Female Good 53 100 101 50,5 0,124

Female Fair 3 100 12 6 1,5

200 600 400 200 3,259
 Rating others as sumand
drivers fila columna E(Nij) o(i,j) g.l alfa x^2(alfa)x^2 p-valor
Excellen
Male t 4 100 7 3,5 0,071 3 0,05 7,815 1,054 0,788
Male Good 42 100 90 45 0,2
Male Fair 41 100 76 38 0,237
Male Poor 13 100 27 13,5 0,019
Excellen
Female t 3 100 7 3,5 0,071

Female Good 48 100 90 45 0,2

Female Fair 35 100 76 38 0,237

Female Poor 14 100 27 13,5 0,019

suma 200 200 1,054
14.36 Knee injuries are a major problem for athletes in many contact sports. However, athletes who play certain positions
are more prone to knee injuries than other players. The prevalence and patterns of knee injuries among female collegiate
rugby players were investigated using a simple questionnaire, to which 42 rugby clubs responded. 15 A total of 76 knee
injuries were classified by type and the position (forward or back) played by the injured player.
Meniscal MCL ACL
Position Tear Tear Tear Other
Forward 13 14 7 4
Back 12 9 14 3
a Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate dependence between position played and type of knee injury? Test
using α = .05.
b Give bounds for the p-value associated with the value for X2 obtained in part (a).
c Applet Exercise Use the applet Chi-Square Probability and Quantiles to determine the p-value associated with the value
of X2 obtained in part (a).
14.36)

Posiciòn Lesiòn nij filas columnas E{(Nij) sumando(i,j) g.l alfa x^2(alfa) x^2 p-valor-

Meniscal
Forward tear 13 38 25 12,5 0,02 3 0,05 7,815 3,603 0,308

Forward MCL tear 14 38 23 11,5 0,543

Forward ACL tear 7 38 21 10,5 1,167

Forward other 4 38 7 3,5 0,071

Meniscal
Back tear 12 38 25 12,5 0,02

Back MCL tear 9 38 23 11,5 0,543

Back ACL tear 14 38 21 10,5 1,167

Back other 3 38 7 3,5 0,071
suma 76 3,603