HOMEOSTASIS-II

INTRODUCTION
Define Homeostasis?

Quote any example of Homeostatic

mechanism in our body

Define the Receptor, Control Centre and

Effector
 CONTENTS
 Concept of Feed back mechanism in Homeostasis

 Negative Feed back

 Example of Negative Feed back

 Positive Feedback

 Examples of Positive Feedback

 Behavioural responses of animal to maintain

CONCEPT OF FEEDBACK MECHANISM
IN HOMEOSTASIS

 Feed back system consist of a cycle of

events in which information about a change

is fed back into the system so that the

regulator can control the process

 Two types of Feed back:
 Negative Feed back
 Positive Feed back
NEGATIVE FEED BACK

 Negative feed back is mainly how

homeostasis is maintained

 Results in a reversal of a direction of change

 Tends to stabilize the system

 Correcting deviations from the set point

EXAMPLE OF NEGATIVE FEED BACK

CONTROL WATER CONTENT IN A BODY

 When body is deficient in water
 Hypothalamus stimulates posterior pituitary
lobe to release ADH
 ADH makes collecting tubules and distal
convoluted tubules permeable to water
EXAMPLE OF NEGATIVE FEED BACK

CONTROL WATER CONTENT IN A BODY

 More water is absorbed
 Maximum amount of water is retained in the
body
 Blood water content rises
 Sensed by the Hypothalamus
 ADH secretions slows down
EXAMPLE OF NEGATIVE FEED BACK

BY TAKING AN EXAMPLE OF HARMONE

 Low body temperature stimulates
neurosecretory cell of Hypothalamus
 Hypothalamus triggers the release of TSH in
the anterior pituitary
 TSH than stimulates the thyroid gland to
release thyroxin
EXAMPLE OF NEGATIVE FEED BACK

BY TAKING AN EXAMPLE OF HARMONE

 Thyroxin causes an increase in the metabolic

activity of cell generating ATP and heat

 Raised body temperature inhibit the releasing

cells of hypothalamus
POSITIVE FEED BACK

 Positive Feedback is mainly responsible for

amplification of the change in variable

 Has a destabilizing effect

 Does not result in Homeostasis

 Less common in naturally occurring system

but has its applications

EXAMPLE OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK

 Baby suckling a nipple

 Sends nerve signals to the sensory neurons

in the hypothalamus

 Oxytocin is made by neurosecretory cell and

stored in the posterior pituitary

EXAMPLE OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK

 Oxytocin circulates to target cells in the

breast

 It triggers smooth muscle contraction and

release of milk
BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES OF
ANIMALS TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS

 Migration of some animals to suitable climate

 E.g Migratory Birds
 Some bask in the sun
 E.g. Marine Iguana
 Some animals huddle together when it is cold
 Some burrow when it is hot e.g Horned Lizard
 Elephants often seek relief by flapping their
ears to cool their blood
RECAP
Concept of Feed back mechanism in Homeostasis

 Negative Feed back

 Example of Negative Feed back

 Positive Feedback

 Examples of Positive Feedback

 Behavioural responses of animal to maintain
homeostasis
HOME WORK
Memorise the processes of positive and

negative feedback
CONCLUSION

Today we have discussed concept of feed

back mechanism, tomorrow, we will be

discussing “Osmoregulation”