SINGLE PHASE FULL - WAVE BRIDGE

CONVERTER WITH RLE LOAD

(Continuous Load Current)

PRESENTED BY : SHEETAL SINGH CHAUHAN

ROLL NO. : 16/IEE/052
 CONTENT
 Phase controlled rectifiers.
 Types of rectifiers.
 Single phase converter.
 Single phase full- wave bridge converter.
 Circuit diagram.
 Explanation.
 Output waveform.
 Operation
 PHASE CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
 Converts AC into DC.
 Employs thyristors,diodes .
 Used in battery charging ,speed control of DC motors,
HVDC,etc.
 Need no commutation circuitry.
 These are simple.
 Less expensive.
 Cont'd...
 Widely used in industries where controlled DC power is
required.
 These are of two types : single - phase and three - phase
converters.
TYPES OF RECTIFIERS
 SINGLE PHASE CONVERTER
 Phase controlled single - phase converters are primarily
of three types:-
1) Uncontrolled converters : It uses only diodesand the
level of dc output voltage cannot be controlled.
2) Half - controlled converters : It uses a mixture of diodes
and thyristors and there is a limited control over the level
of dc output voltage.
3) Fully - controlled converters : It uses SCRs only and
there is a wider control over the level of dc output
voltage.
 SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE BRIDGE
CONVERTER
 Employs only thyristors.
 Provides wider control over the level of DC output
voltage.
 Level of the voltage can be regulated by varying the firing
angle α.
 There is no effect of battery E on Vo in continuous load
current case.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig.1.Single phase full converter bridge

RLE load.
 EXPLANATION
 It uses 4 SCR's i.e. T1,T2,T3,T4.
 The load is assumed to be RLE type where E is the load
circuit emf.
 Voltage E may be due to battery in the load circuit or may
be generated emf of a DC motor.
 Thyristor pair T1,T2 is simultaneously triggered and π
radians later ,pair T3,T4 is gated together.
 The current directions and voltage polarities shown in Fig.
are treated as positive.
 Cont'd...
 Here,
• vab= supply voltage when a is positive with respect to b.
• vba= supply voltage when b is positive with respect to a.
• vab= -vba
• io = load current or output current.
• vs = supply voltage.
• is = supply current.
• vo = voltage across load.
 Con'd...
• α = firing angle.
• vT1,vT2,vT3,vT4 = terminal voltage across T1,T2,T3 and T4
respectively.
• iT1,iT2 = current through thyristor T1 and T2.
 io is assumed to be continuous over the working range;
this means that load is always connected to the ac
voltage source through the thyristors.
OUTPUT WAVEFORM

Fig.2. Voltage and current waveforms for

continuous load current.
Cont'd...

Fig.3.Voltage and current waveforms

for continuous load current.
 OPERATION
 In continuous load current case : β = π + α.
 Forward biased SCRs T1 and T2 are triggered at ωt = α
i.e. they get turned on. As a result , supply voltage VM sin
α immediately appears across thyristors T3,T4 as a
reverse bias.At the same time , load current io flowing
throughT3,T4 is transferred to T1,T2 at ωt = α.
 Thyristors T1,T2 conduct from ωt = α to π + α i.e. T1,T2
conduct for π radians.
 vT1 = vT2
 Cont'd...
 At ωt = π + α,forward biased SCRs T3,T4 are triggered.
 The load current is transferred from T1,T2 to T3,T4.
 vT3 = vT4
 At the instant of triggering with firing angle α,each SCR is
subjected to a reverse voltage of Vm sin α.
 Source current is shown positive when T1,T2 are
conducting and negative when T3,T4 are conducting.
 During α to π, vs and is are positive,power therefore flows
from ac source to load.
 Cont'd...
 But during the interval π to π + α, vs is negative and is is
positive,the load therefore returns some of its energy to
the supply system.But the net power flow is from ac
source to dc load.'
 This connection is also called as B-2 connection.
THANK YOU