Republic of Iraq

Ministry of Higher Education & scientific Research

University Of Baghdad
AL-Khwarizmi College of Engineering
Biochemical Engineering Department

Removal of Impurities from Contaminated Water in

Batch and Continuous Processes Using Renewable
Resources or Agriculture Waste

Submitted by
Fatima Thamer Hajir Saleh Zahraa Maan
What is wastewater
Wastewater is a term that is used to describe Waste
material that includes industrial liquid waste and sewage
waste that is collected in towns and urban areas and treated
at urban wastewater treatment plant.
Textile Wastewater
Textile wastewaters are one of the most polluted
wastewaters due to their characteristics, such as high
chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration, strong
color, high pH and temperature, and low biodegradability
[1–3]. These effluents can exhibit serious environmental
problems and public health concerns if improperly
disposed. These highly colored components, when
discharged with wastewater into the water bodies, stop the
re-oxygenation capacity of the receiving water and cut-off
sunlight, thereby upset biological activity in aquatic life.
Wastewater Treatment
A process to convert wastewater which is water no longer
needed or suitable for its most recent use into an effluent
that can be either returned to the water cycle with minimal
environmental issues or reused.

Textile effluent treatment processes

Many pollutant removal technological processes have been
developed in the past decades to treat the textile
wastewater. The treatment processes is being chosen on the
basis of composition, characteristics and concentration of
material present in the effluents
Sequence of wastewater treatment
Pre-treatment includes screening to remove rags, gravel
and sand which could otherwise block downstream
equipment. Flow equalization is required to balance the
flows especially in batch operations. Segregation of flows
can also take place where the high pH or streams
containing PVA is segregated.
Primary treatment includes primary sedimentation with
or without chemical coagulation to settle suspended
particles.
Secondary treatment refers to biological treatment
processes which use bacteria for decomposition of
biologically degradable organics in the presence or absence
of oxygen. The most common processes are aerobic which
requires oxygen. Anaerobic takes place in the absence of
oxygen.
Tertiary treatment Conventional secondary treatment
frequently is not sufficient to meet the required effluent
quality standards to discharge water to surface water
bodies. Textile effluents may require tertiary processes .
The most common tertiary treatment applications are
filtration and disinfection and where applicable ammonia
and phosphorous removal. Ammonia is toxic to fish and
phosphorous causes algal blooms.
Advanced treatment / Color removal
To complete the removal of color more advanced treatment
processes (including physical adsorption processes and/or
chemical oxidation) are used in conjunction with biological
processes.
Activated carbons is the most practical since the performance
of the waste materials whilst abundant and inexpensive are
prone to variations in adsorption performance .
Combination of chemical coagulation,
anaerobic and aerobic treatment
within a textile effluent treatment plant
Material and Energy
Balanced