Elastomeric materials

Dr. Farhan Saeed

Silica
Structure of silica
 The ratio between the ‘‘ inner ’’ and ‘‘ outer ’’
surfaces
 Size and shape of pores
 Absorption capacity
 Surface roughness
 Primary particle size
 Formation of aggregates from these primary

particles with
 Development of siloxane bonds
 Combination of aggregates to form agglomerates

held together by van der Waals forces

Agglomerates in silica

Particles Aggregates
Agglomerates
Precipitated silica
Silanised silica replacing carbon black

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Oil price

Carbon black
Si O OC2H5 Si O OC2H5

Si Si

(CH2)3 S (CH2)3 Sa
Si O Si O
Sx + Rubber TBBS/
TMTD

Si O (CH2)3 S Si O (CH2)3 Sb

Si Si

O OC2H5 O OC2H5
Si Si
Silica surface

Silanised silica
 Silanes for silica
Component Sulphur rank
bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulphane (TESPT) 3.8

(C2H5—O)3—Si—(CH2)3—S3.83—(CH2)3—Si—(O-C2H5)3
bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulphane (TESPD) 2.2

(C2H5—O)3—Si—(CH2)3—S2.2—(CH2)3—Si—(O-C2H5)3
bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)monosulphane (TESPM) 1.0

(C2H5—O)3—Si—(CH2)3—S—(CH2)3—Si—(O-C2H5)3
bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane (ETES) 0

(C2H5—O)3—Si—(CH2)2—Si—(O-C2H5)3
bis(triethoxysilyl)hexane (HTES) 0

(C2H5—O)3—Si—(CH2)6—Si—(O-C2H5)3
bis(triethoxysilyl) decane (DTES) 0

(C2H5—O)3—Si—(CH2)10—Si—(O-C2H5)3
γ-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES) 1.0

(C2H5—O)3—Si—(CH2)3—SH
Silanization Process
Rubber vulcanization with silane
Commercial silanes
General consideration
during compounding
Application of silica and silane