TEACHING ENGLISH

SKILLS
 LANGUAGE SKILLS
• Learning a language means acquiring a skill, or rather several skills
• Speaking Skill
expressing oneself fluently and accurately in speech
• Listening Skill
understanding what it heard
• Writing Skill
expressing oneself accurately in writing
• Reading Skill
understanding what is read
 Teachers have only given
importance to the teaching of
NATURE OF THE SKILLS
reading, writing and little on
speaking, but have ignored that
training of listening.
ROLE OF
ROLE OF THE SENDER REQUIRED
SKILL PURPOSE PROCESS
SKILL THE PURPOSE PROCESS REQUIREDABILITIES
ABILITIES
Speaking SENDERActive Oral The 1. Correct use of vocabulary
Communication items
& Productive 1. sender
Teachers have only given Correct use
2. of vocabulary
Recall words items
spontaneously
Oral &
Writing
Speaking Active & Skills importance 2.encode
to the teaching of a words spontaneously
Recall
& The sender encode
Written 3. Grammatical accuracy
& productive 3.message
reading, writing and little Grammatical
on accuracy
written the message 4.
Writing skills Communication
speaking, but have 4. Fluency
ignored that in producingincorrect
Fluency producing
rhythm,
communication correct rhythm, stress and
training of listening. stress and intonation
intonation
skill
Listening Passive
Role of the purpose Oral
process Required
The abilities
receiver
sender& Receptive Communication decode a
Reading Skills &
Listening Passive Oral The Receiver decode 1.message Recognize vocabulary items.
& & & Written
the message 2. Knowledge of grammatical structure
Reading ReceptiveSk written Communication 3. Rapidly assimilating rapidly what is
ills communication said or read.
 GRADING WRITING SKILLS &
ACTIVITIES
• Writing a Word
• Writing a Sentence
• Writing a Paragraph
• Writing a Composition
 STAGES OF WRITING FOR KIDS
In primary school young learners go through the following four stages of writing to develop
their writing skills
• Copying
• Guided Writing
• Controlled Writing
• Independent Writing
 TYPES OF WRITING
• Formal Writing – letters, emails, books
• Informal Writing – Abbreviations, Slangs
• Essay Writing
• Narrative
• Expository
• Descriptive
• Persuasive
 • Focus on useful models
• Plan the text
• Get feedback
• Prepare drafts
• Edit
Post-writing
• Prepare final text
• Students read their text and discuss the content
 ACTIVITIES FOR LISTENING
COMPREHENSION
1. Cloze Exercise: students are made to listen a text paragraph, then the teacher gives the text paragraph with
blank space where the text or information have been removed. They are asked to fill the blanks as per their
listening of the text paragraph.
2. Dialogue Listening: students are made to listen a dialogue preferably between the native speaker of the
language and then the students are asked questions regarding what the speaker/characters say.
3. listen to a piece of news: The students are made to listen the news regarding any topic of the students'
interest and then questions are asked from students to respond.
4. Watching move: the students are made to watch a move and then question regarding the characters and
incidents etc. are asked.
5. Listening and Dictation Exercise: the teachers reads out aloud a text or words to the students and they
write them down on paper and the teacher checks for spelling and listening what they have written .
6. Listen and fill in the blanks: the students are are made to listen to the recorded text and at the same time
keep on filling the missing word on a similar written text
 TYPES OF READING
• Extensive reading:
Reading longer texts, usually for one's own pleasure. This reading needs fluency. It is a
sort of an outside reading.
• Intensive reading
Reading shorter texts to extract specific information. This kind of reading needs
accuracy for detail.
Reading for accuracy (intensive) Reading for fluency (extensive
Both these approaches obviously need different classroom procedures. Intensive reading needs
close guidance of teacher. The aim of intensive reading is to arrive at a profound and detailed
understanding of the text.
 READING TECHNIQUES
• Skimming
• Scanning
• Predicting
• Anticipation
• Silent reading
• Loud reading
• Reading in chunks
• Guessing the meaning of unfamiliar words
 READING TECHNIQUES
• SKIMMING:
• Reading quickly to get the gist of the text.
• Reader is just concerned with the main idea and leaves the other minor or supporting details.
• Skimming is a useful reading technique especially in extensive reading.
• It is useful when a reader does not have much time to go through the whole text in detail.
• SCANNING:
• Reading a text quickly in order to look for specific piece of information
• Just like looking for telephone number in directory or a word in dictionary.
 READING TECHNIQUES
• PREVIEWING:
• To have fair idea about the book by looking at the title, the blurb or back titles, reviews, the
foreword or preface, the contents page, and the index.
• PREDICTNG: (guessing)
• The reader utilizes his previous knowledge of language and subject, and is looking forward
to reading what he predicts will be in the book.
• ANTICIPATION: (guessing)
• The reader constantly anticipate what the next line or page would bring.
• anticipation is at the entire book level, while prediction is at a sentence level.
 READING TECHNIQUES
• SILENT READING:
Reading being a cognitive activity, the reader silently an privately reads a text for boosting
comprehension of the text.
• Loud READING:
Reading aloud help in accuracy and memorization.

• READING IN CHUNKS:
The reader reads in chunk avoiding small stoppages by looking individually at each word or
sentence and read quickly to grab and understand the general idea or message of the text.
• GUESSING THE MEANING OF UNFAMILIAR WORDS:
• to guess the meaning of that unfamiliar word with the help of the context