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Mesurement and Scaling
Mesurement and Scaling
SCALING
Prof M. R. Suresh
Measurement: defined as a standardized
process of assigning numbers or other
symbols to certain characteristics of objects
of interest according to prespecified rules.
•important as statistical analyses can be done
on appropriate scales
•two characteristics:
–one-to-one correspondence between the
symbol and the characteristic (in the object)
being measured
–rules of assignment must be invariant over
time
Scaling is a process of creating a continuum
on which objects are located according to the
amount of measured characteristic they
possess
Type of Scale Statistical Tests
Nominal Percentage, mode, chi-square
·compatibility to respondent
Accuracy of attitude measurements
True Score Model
XO = XT + XS (affects in a constant way)
+ XR (transient factor {situational})
Validity
Content/face validity: subjective but
systematic evaluation of how well the
content of a scale represents the
measurement task
Criterion validity: reflects whether
a scale performs as expected in
related to other variables selected
(criterion)
•concurrent validity
•predictive validity
Construct Validity
•convergent validity
•discriminant validity
•Reliability
test – retest
split half
•Sensitivity: ability to discriminate
among meaningful differences in
altitudes
•Generalisability
•Relevancy
Relevance = reliability X validity
•International MR
Source: Mainly from Marketing Research: Aaker, Kumar & Day, John Wiley & Sons, Latest Asian
Edn.
Business Research Methods- A South Asian Perspective, Zikmund, Babin, Carr, Adhikari and
Griffin, Cengage Learning
For details refer book. For academic discussion at SDMIMD only