“Identifying The Quaternary Period With Respect to

Geological Time Scale and Evolution”

Presented by:
Group: 01
MS-181001 MS-181002
MS-181003 MS-181004
MS-181005 MS-181053

Environmental Science Discipline

Khulna University, Khulna
 GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE
 The total life span of the earth from its
origin is called geological time
 The available evidence indicate that the
age of earth is 5000 million years
 Geologists have divided the geological
time into different divisions based on the
different types of fossils available in the
different strata of the earth

Geological time scale 2

 Each division has its own duration and feature and it differs
from other divisions

 Major divisions are called eras

 Eras are divided into periods and periods into epochs

 The eras, periods, and epochs of the geological time are arranged
in an orderly manner and this arrangement is called geological
time scale
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CONCEPT OF GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE

ERA PERIOD EPOCH

EON
ERA PERIOD EPOCH

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The Quaternary Period
 The Quaternary time is the
current period of Geologic time,
which began about 1.8 million
years — including the present day.
 This is the part of the Cenozoic
Era that is usually divided into two
epochs:
1) The Pleistocene Epoch; 2) The
Holocene Epoch

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 The Quaternary Period
 The Pleistocene Epoch: (about 1.8 million years ago – 0.012
million years ago)

 Climate: Moderately cooler / cold

 Flora: Modern
 Fauna: Essentially modern
 Ice-Age: 30% of Earth’s surface
 Evidence of early Humans
 Extinction of large mammals Pleistocene Epoch
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 The Quaternary Period
 The Holocene Epoch: (about 0.012 million years ago –
Recent)
 Climate: End of Ice-Age, warm,
moderate temperature
 Flora: Modern, not evolved much
 Fauna: Modern, not evolved much
 Continental Masses:
 Human species world-wide
 Human development
Holocene Epoch
 Large animals disappeared 2
Geological time with
major evolutionary events
in the fossil record:

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Climatic change
 What Happened During the Quaternary Period?

 Soil Formation
 Evidences found at Quaternary period
 Atmospheric Circulation
 Human Origin, Innovation & Migration

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 Quaternary Sea-level changes
 Throughout history, sea level is constantly rising and falling
because of the glacial and interglacial periods.
 Currently we are in a state of sea level rise

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 Environmental Changes
 A prolonged series of interaction between hominoids
(ancestral humans) and their environment

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 Soil Formation
 Ac

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 Human Origin, Innovation & Migration
 jhg

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