Lux

The lux (symbol: lx) is the SI unit of

illuminance and luminous emittance,
measuring luminous flux per unit area.[1] It is
equal to one lumen per square metre. In
photometry, this is used as a measure of the
intensity, as perceived by the human eye, of
light that hits or passes through a surface.
 Lumen (unit)

The lumen (symbol: lm) is the SI derived unit of

luminous flux, a measure of the total "amount" of
visible light emitted by a source. A lux is one
lumen per square meter.

The lumen is defined in relation to the candela as

1 lm = 1 cd·sr.
 Luminous intensity
luminous intensity is a measure of the
wavelength-weighted power emitted by a
light source in a particular direction per
unit solid angle, based on the
luminosity function, a standardized model
of the sensitivity of the human eye. The SI
unit of luminous intensity is the candela
 (cd), an SI base unit.
ILLUMINATION LEVELS IN INTERIORS
Educational

Limiting Glare Minimum colour

Area Illuminance (lux)
rating rendering (Ra)

Classrooms 300 19 80

TechnicaI drawing room 750 16 80

Computer practice rooms 300 19 80

 Healthcare - Wards
Limiting Glare Minimum colour
Area Illuminance (lux)
rating rendering (Ra)

General lighting 100 19 80

Reading lighting 300 19 80

Simple examinations 300 19 80

Examination and treatment 1000 19 80

 Hotels and Restaurants

Minimum colour
Area Illuminance (lux) Limiting Glare rating
rendering (Ra)

Kitchen 500 22 80

Restaurant, dining room, function room. - - 80

Self service restaurant 200 22 80

Conference rooms 500 19 80

 Offices

Limiting Glare Minimum colour

Area Illuminance (lux)
rating rendering (Ra)

Filing, copying etc. 300 19 80

Writing, typing, reading, data processing 500 19 80

TechnicaI drawing 750 16 80

CAD work stations 500 19 80

Conference and meeting rooms 500 19 80

Reception desk 300 22 80

Archives 200 25 80
 Residential - Flats /Bedsits

Limiting Glare Minimum colour

Area Illuminance (lux)
rating rendering (Ra)

Lounge 100 - 300 19 80

Kitchens 150 - 300 - 80

Bathrooms 150 - 80

Toilets 100 - 80
 Retail Premises

Limiting Glare Minimum colour

Area Illuminance (lux)
rating rendering (Ra)

Sales area 300 22 80

Till area 500 19 80

Wrapper table 500 19 80

 Theatres, Concert Halls and Cinemas

Limiting Glare Minimum colour

Area Illuminance (lux)
rating rendering (Ra)

Practice rooms, dressing rooms 300 22 80

Foyers 200 - -

Auditoria 100 - -
 Industrial Environment

Area Illuminance (lux)

Lifts 100

Corridors and stairs 100

Toilets 100

Canteens 300

Mess rooms 150 - 300

Plant rooms 150 - 300

Store rooms 100

The simplest schemes for lighting are:-
1- Direct lighting
2- Semi direct lighting
3- Semi-indirect lighting
4-Indirect lighting
5- General lighting
1- Direct Lighting:-
widely used lighting system,in this system more than 90% of the
total light fulx is made to fall directly on the working plane with
the help of deep reflectors.
its is mainly used in general outdoor and industrial lighting.
2-semi dierct lighting:-  
In This lighting scheme 60 to 90% of the total light flux is made to
fall downward directly with the help of semi direct reflectors.
reaming light is used to illuminate the ceiling and walls. such a
lighting scheme is best suited to room with high ceiling where a
high level of uniformly distributed illumination is desirable.
the Glare in such units is avoiding by employing diffusing globe
which not only improve the brightness toward the eye level but also
improve the efficiency of the system with reference to working
plane.
4-Indirect lighting:-
In this lighting scheme more than 90% of total light flux is thrown
upwards to the ceiling for diffusion reflection by using inverted or
bowl reflectors.
in such a system the ceiling acts as the light source, and the glare
is reduced minimum.
3-Semi-indirect lighting:-
In this lighting scheme 60 to 90% of total flux is thrown upwards to the
ceiling for diffuse reflection and the rest reaches the working plane .
direct excepts for some absorption by the bowl .This lighting scheme is
with soft shadows
and glare free.
it is mainly used for indoor light decoration purpose.
5-General lighting:-
In this scheme lamps made of diffusing glass are used which give nearly
equal illumination in all directions