clutch

Types of clutch
 Clutch is mainly divided in to four groups:

 Mechanical (Use mechanical energy)

 Pneumatic (Use air energy)

 Hydraulic (Use water energy)

 Electromagnetic (Use electrical energy)

 Mechanical clutches further divided in to following:

 Positive clutch (Jaw Clutch, Toothed Clutch)

 Friction Clutch (Disc Clutch, Cone Clutch, Centrifugal Clutch)

Positive Contact clutch
 This type of clutch engage & disengage without slip so its known as positive

contact clutch.
 This clutch is not suitable where gradually engagement or disengagement is

required without stopping the driving shaft.

 Mainly two types of positive clutches:

1. Jaw clutch

2. Toothed clutch
jaw clutch
jaw clutch
 The jaw clutch consist of segmental projections or dogs on one of the flange & corresponding

recess on other flange on the driving shaft.

 Driving flange rigidly keyed to the driving shaft while the other flange is keyed to driven shaft

by splines so it can be slides on the shafts.

 Sliding flange is moves to fixed flange by operating lever.

 The sliding flange engage with the fixed flange to transmit the motion and power from driving shaft

to driven shaft.
 It is widely used for transmission of power in agriculture equipment like Tractor, Thresher, etc.
jaw clutch
Toothed clutch
Friction clutch
 It is used in transmission of power between two machines shafts which may be

required to stop or start frequently.

 The friction force is used to start the driven shaft from rest and gradually

(regularly) brings it up to required speed .

 In automobiles, friction clutch is used to connect the engine to the driven shaft.

 In operating such a clutch, care should be taken so that the friction surfaces

engage easily and brings the driven up to proper speed.

Friction clutch
 Mainly three types of friction clutch.

1. Disc Clutch (Single plate clutch & Multi plate clutch)

2. Cone Clutch

3. Centrifugal Clutch
Disc clutch or
single plate clutch
Disc clutch or
single plate clutch
 This type of clutch consist of two flanges which shown in fig.

 One flange rigidly keyed to the driving shaft, other flange fitted to the driven

shaft by splines so that it can slides on the driven shaft.

 The spring is pressed the driven flange to the driving flange.

 In normal operation, both shaft engaged by clutch due to spring force.

 When power is not required at driven shaft , driven flange is disengaged from

driving flange by operating lever.

Disc clutch or
single plate clutch
 The torque is transmitted by friction between the flanges and friction disc.

 The amount of torque transmitted is depends upon axial pressure on the flange by

spring.
 It is used in automobiles.

 When large torque transmission is required, the multi disc clutch are used.

 Multi disc clutch has more number of contact surfaces discs on driving and

driven shaft.
Disc clutch or
single plate clutch
cone clutch
cone clutch
 The cone clutch consists two cones as shown in fig.

 One internal cone fixed to the driving shaft, another cone fitted on the driven

shaft which is free to slide axially on the driven shaft.

 The clutch is engaged by bringing or jointing two conical surfaces in contact.

 The torque is transmitted by friction between contact surfaces of cones.

 The spring holds cone surfaces in contact and maintain the pressure between them.

 the operation lever is used only for disengagement of the clutch.

 The main advantage of cone clutch over the disc clutch is very simple and required

less axial pressure to disengaged the clutch.

cone clutch
Centrifugal clutch
centrifugal clutch
 It consists of a number of shoes on the inside of a drum or rim of the pulley.

 The upper surface of the shoes are covered with a friction material.

 The shoes can move radially in guides or spider.

 The shoes are held in slots of the spider by help of springs.

 The spider is fitted on the driving shaft.

 The spring exert (use) a radially inward force which is constant.

 Due to mass, when driving shaft revolving, the mass of shoes causes a radially outward force

(centrifugal force).

 This force increases with speed of shoes revolving with driving shaft.
centrifugal clutch
 When centrifugal force is equal to spring force (at low speed), the shoe

is just floating.
 But when centrifugal force higher then the spring force (at high speed),

the shoe moves outward and comes in to contact (engage) with the driven
member.
 The increase of speed causes the shoes to press harder and clutch

transmit more power.