Basics of TV

Broadcasting
Session Objectives:
1. Determine appropriate tools,
equipment and audio set-up for
broadcasting; the ideal environment
for filming
2. Identify the basic rules in TV
broadcasting;
3. Appreciate materials and styles that
work for TV Broadcasting
 TO KNOW LIST
- AUDIENCE/VIEWERS
- ENVIRONMENT
- EQUIPMENT
- MATERIAL
- STYLE THAT WORKS
Understanding TV
and its impact to
Learners
Understanding TV and its
impact to Learners:
• Students/viewers are easily
distracted
• Attention span of students/ viewers
is down to 8 seconds
• TV is linear
• TV is ephemeral
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT in TVI
• Camera
• SD Card
• Smartphone
• Tripod
• Lighting/ Light Reflector
• Audio/Lapel/Mic
• Laptop and Editing Software
• Greenscreen
• Chargers/ Batteries/Ext Cords
 Ideal environment
for Filming?
- well-lighted space/room
- Clean; less clutter
- Controlled noise
 Sections of TV Production
• Planning
• Scripting
• Shooting Setups
• Camera Movements
• Lighting
• Audio
Basic Camera Angles and Rule of
Thirds
Basic Camera Shot Types
The key to mastering the rule of thirds is
to understand the relationship between
the principal object being photographed,
and its immediate environment.

Application of the rule of thirds forces

the viewer to relate the principal object
to their immediate environment.
2 Camera Setups
Work Best
 2 Cameras
• dramatically reduces work load –
since the transition shots can be
done in one-take
• allows one camera to do a cut-
away shot while the other camera
repositions
• if tracks are in-sync, editing
transitions and audio tracks is
easier and more efficient
 2-Camera Setups
• One Person Narrative
– Front
– Side
• Two Person Interview
– 35 degree left
– 35 degree right
• One Person Lecture
– Front
– Visual Aids
 One Person Lecture
• One camera face close-
up Document
camera
• 2nd Camera is movable
for documents and for
demonstrations
• Video feed from
computer can also be
taped
 Demonstration Setup
• Two cameras that can pan
quickly to capture motion
and action
• Overhead camera useful
for capturing work
surfaces Panning Cameras
 Introduction to Light and Backdrops
Lighting is important in video and film
production because cameras do not respond
to lights in the same way that the human
eye does.

The finite detail and lighting contrasts a

human eye can see are incredibly
developed, and cameras cannot process or
pick up on this as well.
 Two or three-point lighting
Key light: The key light is the strongest, providing most of
the light in the shot. It’s generally placed in front of your
subject, around 45-degrees above and 45-degrees to the
right or left.

Fill light: This is a softer light, used to fill in shadows on

the subject’s face. It should be positioned to the side,
opposite the key light. The intensity of the fill light is
usually around half that of the key light.

Back light: The back light (sometimes called a rim light)

creates depth and provides a soft glow in the background.
It’s placed above and behind the subject (out of the shot).
Graphics viewers can’t read or comprehend

1. Too small graphics

2. Too many graphics
3. Logos not clear or poor resolution
4. Wrong spelling, poor grammar, etc
5. Not related to the lesson
6. Too lengthy
 Video Production
* Do understand the importance of the Script
* Do engage the Audience
-- Don’t Use too much information
-- Don’t Rush the Video Production
 Tips in Video Production
• No shaky shots
• Be still
• What you see is what you get
• Check the shot
• Anticipate
• Clothing and Make-up
• Get to know your camera
• Think of the final output
• Audio / Take care of your voice
• Lighting
• Lesson Guide/Script
• Be prepared
 VIDEO EDITING APPS
• Windows Movie Maker
• ProShow
• Adobe Premiere Clip
• Filmora
• Nero
• Corel
 Dos and Don’ts of Video Editing
Dos
• Maintain Updated Backups
• Use the Right Music
• Stick to a simple, creative font styles
• Place cuts properly
• Match your shots
 Dos and Don’ts of Video Editing
Don’ts
• Make your video prod too static
• Go overboard with cuts, zooms
and pans
• Leave jump cuts bare
• Use overly fancy transitions
• Ignore out-of-sync audio
Checklist before going on Camera
• The script
• The tools and equipment
• The Voice
• The Face