Lecture-1-Introduction

To Computer
Dr. Asif Raheem
What is Computer?

• basic terms, a computer is an electronic device that processes data , converting it in to information that is useful to people. Any
computer—regardless o f its type—is controlled by programmed instructions, which give the machine a pur­pose and tell it
what to do.
• DEFINITION NO 1:
• Computer is an electronic device which takes some input, process it, and produce output.
• DEFINITION NO 2:
• Electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
• Accepts data
• Manipulates data
• Produces results
• Stores results
PARTS OF
COMPUTER
:
Programs

Program tells a computer what to do and how to do? These are written instructions in some

specific language.

Commands

Command causes a program to perform a specific action. Like Ctrl+S for saving a Ms.Word

Document

User Response

A user response is an action which is or can be done by answering any question from

computer like You want to save that file? User have two options Yes or No, that is depend on

the user what to response

PROCESS

Computer data processing is any process that uses a computer program to enter data and

summarize, analyze or otherwise convert data into usable information. The process may be

automated and run on a computer. It involves recording, analyzing, sorting, summarizing,

calculating, disseminating and storing data. Because data is most useful when well-presented

and actually informative, data-processing systems are often referred to as information

systems. In computer processing is done by CPU (Central Processing Unit)

• OUTPUT
• Output is the data that has been processed in to useful form. The computer
takes the input from user process it and produced output. Output also can
be text, Audio, Video, graphics and animations. Output can be in two forms
• Soft Copy
• Hard Copy
• Soft Copy:
• When you are writing a document, playing a game, watching a video clip, or
reading the latest news. Soft copy is what you see on the monitor(Screen).
Soft copy is temporary; after you have finished with it, there is nothing solid
to hold. You can, however, transfer soft copy to a disk to transport it
• Hard Copy:
• Hard copy can be touched and carried. Hard copy is usually some form of
paper output. It is especially helpful if you need to have a colleague look at
your work or you need to give your work to a supervisor or teacher.
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
WHAT IS DATA?
• Definition: “Raw facts, figures, events and transactions are called data”
• Example:
• Researchers who conduct market research survey might ask member of the
public to complete questionnaires about a product or a service. These
completed questionnaires are data.
• NADRA prepared CNIC of Pakistanis by collecting data of people who belongs to
• Pakistan.
• Some candidates want to take admission in university they will fill admission
forms.
• Above all are unprocessed and unprepared which is needed to process and
work more.
• WHY WE NEED DATA
• Facts, statistics used for reference or analysis.
• Numbers, characters, symbols, images etc., which
can be processed by a computer.
• Data must be interpreted, by a human or
machine, to derive meaning
• "Data is a representation of information" *
WHAT IS INFORMATION?
• DEFINATION:
• “Meaning full data is called information”
• “Processed data is called information”
• WHY WE NEED INFORMATION
• Knowledge derived from study, experience (by the senses), or instruction.
• Communication of intelligence.
• "Information is any kind of knowledge that is exchangeable amongst people,
about
• things, facts, concepts, etc., in some context."
• "Information is interpreted data"
Components of Computer
• Input Devices
• Input is any data or instructions entered to the computer. Input can be
in the form of audio, video, graphics and animations and instructions.
• WHAT ARE INPUT DEVICES?
• Examples
• Key Board
• Mouse
• Digital Camera
• Webcam
• Scanner etc
Hard Drive
• The term hardware refers to the physical parts of the computer. Computer
hardware is
• versatile-what it does depends on the computer program you use. All
components which are
• tangible (touchable) are called Hardware
• Examples: Mic, Keyboard,Hard Disk, Scanner, Printer etc
• WHAT IS SOFTWARE?
• Software is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the
hardware through its
• job. That tells the computer what to do? And how to do it? All components
which are non
• tangible (Not Touchable) are called software.
• Examples: Ms Office, Operating Systems, Adobe photo shop etc
keyboad
• Definition:
• “Keyboard is an input device, that contain keys user press to enter
data or instructions in to
• the computer”.
• You enter most input data into the computer by using a keyboard.
This input method is
• similar to typing on a typewriter.
• Most typewriter and computer keyboards are QWERTY keyboards.
The alphabetic keys are
• arranged so that the upper-left row of letters begins with the six
letters Q W E R T Y.
• Designers of other keyboards claim that their boards are easier to
learn than the QWERTY
• keyboard.

• KEYS OF KEYBOARD
KEYS OF KEYBOARD
• KEYS OF KEYBOARD
• Computer keyboards include keys that are designed to perform specific tasks. These
keys
• enable the user to perform complex tasks easily when using the application. For
example,
• many applications use a function key to access online help for the user.
• Keyboard keys consist of
• Alphabetic keys
• Numerical keys
• Symbols
• Functional keys
• Extra keys
• Alphabetic keys contain alphabets from A-Z & a-z
• Numerical keys contain numbers 0-9