DEMENTIA

Agenda
01 Definition of dementia

02 signs and symptoms of dementia

03 10 early symptoms of dementia

risk factors and prevention

04 of dementia

05 depressions dementia

06 vocabolaries in symptoms
TEAM
NI MADE RASITA PUSPITASWARI (P07120216016)

NI LUH PUTU ARY APRILIYANTI (P07120216017)

NI MADE TARIANI (P07120216018)

PUTU INDAH PERMATA SARI (P07120216019)

NI PUTU NOVIA HARDIYANTI (P07120216020)

 DEFINITION OF DEMENTIA

Dementia is one of the major causes of disability and dependency

among older people worldwide. It can be overwhelming, not only for
the people who have it, but also for their carers and families. There is
often a lack of awareness and understanding of dementia, resulting in
stigmatization and barriers to diagnosis and care. The impact of
dementia on carers, family and society at large can be physical,
psychological, social and economic.
 Signs and Symptoms of
Dementia

01 Early stage 02 Middle stage

the early stage of dementia as dementia progresses to the middle stage,

is often overlooked, because
the onset is gradual.
Common symptoms include:
 Forgetfulness
 Losing track of the time
 Becoming lost in familiar
places
the signs and symptoms become clearer and
more restricting. These include:
Becoming forgetful of recent events and
people's names
 Becoming lost at home
 Having increasing difficulty with
communication
 Needing help with personal care
 Experiencing behaviour changes, including
wandering and repeated questioning.
 Signs and Symptoms of
Dementia

03 Late stage

the late stage of dementia is one of near total dependence and inactivity.
Memory disturbances are serious and the physical signs and symptoms
become more obvious. Symptoms include:
 Becoming unaware of the time and place
 Having difficulty recognizing relatives and friends
 Having an increasing need for assisted self-care
 Having difficulty walking
 Experiencing behaviour changes that may escalate and include aggression
 10 Early Symptoms of Dementia

1
RECENT MEMORY LOSS
The most recognisable dementia memory loss symptoms include asking for the same
information over and over and the repetition of stories.

2
FORGETTING HOW TO DO EVERYDAY TASK
Forgetting how to do everyday tasks is one of the signs of dementia, such as setting a table,
driving to a familiar location or remembering the rules of their favorite game

3
PROBLEMS WITH LANGUAGE
Other early signs of dementia include forgetting vocabulary, and the meaning of simple words or
using them in the wrong context. For example, a person may say “put the rubbish in the sink”
instead of “put the rubbish in the bin.”
 10 Early Symptoms of Dementia

4
BECOMING CONFUSED IN FAMILIAR SURROUNDINGS
Along with losing track of dates, seasons and the time this is one of the most tell-tale
signs of early onset dementia. They may also struggle to understand something if it’s
not happening immediately. For example, your mom may tell you she’s missed you
because she thinks she hasn’t seen you in a long time, but in reality you visited her
last week.

5
DIFFICULTY IN CALCULATING NUMBERS AND HANDLING MONEY OR BALANCING THE
CHEQUE BOOK
This could include: spending money more frivolously than usual, having difficult following a
recipe with measurements, being uncharacteristically generous with money, struggling to
keep track of monthly bills. This could include: spending money more frivolously than usual,
having difficult following a recipe with measurements

6
PUTTING THINGS IN THE WRONG PLACE
Losing things or putting things in strange places, and then being unable to retrace steps to
find them again, is on the official observation list for early signs of dementia. For example,
your dad may insist that a friend keeps stealing his money, whereas it’s in its regular hiding
place.
 10 Early Symptoms of Dementia
RAPID AND UNEXPLAINED MOOD SWINGS AND/OR DEPRESSION

7
Some of the dementia symptoms NHS lists include: Increased anxiety, Panic attacks,
Paranoia, Depression, Violent mood swings. For example, your parent may appear
calm, then visibly upset, and then very angry in a matter of minutes

8
LISTLESSNESS AND APATHY
Early signs of dementia can include the avoidance of being sociable, stopping with hobbies,
going to work or playing sport. This could be because your parent feels disconnected from
the current world or they feel like they’re unable to take part in regular social interaction.

9
DECREASED OR POOR JUDGEMENT
Changes in decision-making or judgement might include dealing with money or paying less
attention to keeping clean and groomed. For example They may forget to wash regularly,
wear the same clothes continuously throughout the week, forget to brush their teeth, forget
to brush their hair, shave or to visit the toilet.
 10 Early Symptoms of Dementia

10
VISUAL DIFFICULTIES
Signs of early onset dementia may include visual difficulties. This includes vision
problems such as having difficulty reading, judging distance, lack of spatial awareness
loss of perception or determining colours/contrast, which may cause problems driving
 Risk Factors and Prevention
Although
. age is the strongest known risk factor for dementia, it is
not an inevitable consequence of ageing. Further, dementia does
not exclusively affect older people – young onset dementia
(defined as the onset of symptoms before the age of 65 years)
accounts for up to 9% of cases. Studies show that people can
reduce their risk of dementia by getting regular exercise, not
smoking, avoiding harmful use of alcohol, controlling their weight,
eating a healthy diet, and maintaining healthy blood pressure,
cholesterol and blood sugar levels, Additional risk factors include
depression, low educational attainment, social isolation, and
cognitive inactivity.
 Depressions Dementia
The relationship between dementia and depression is complicated
because some of the expressions of dementia and depression overlap and
the epidemiology and mechanisms are unclear.
A systematic study from 2010 found that in old age there was a definite
association between depression and dementia. One study estimated that
40% of people with dementia are also experiencing depression.
Depression in earlier life increases the risk of dementia in later life by
approximately twofold. Some recent studies have suggested that long-term
treatment with anti-depressants may increase the risk of developing some
types of dementia. Further studies are required to determine the impact of
depression treatment on dementia progression.
Depression in older people can often go undiagnosed despite the
prevalence of risk factors including bereavement, loneliness and
deteriorating physical health. On occasion someone experiencing
depression may be misdiagnosed as having dementia. Individuals dealing
with both will be struggling with two sets of difficulties and may be more
confused and have greater memory loss. The double experience may also
result in more extreme behaviour and or aggressive reactions. This can
compound isolation, disempowerment as well as cognitive decline.
 Vocabularies in Symptoms
1. Frequent and progressive memory loss
People with dementia begin to forget more and more, and the most recent
events seem to be forgotten most quickly. Occasionally though, clear "pockets
of memory" are still present, and these are usually triggered by familiar faces,
smells, touches, songs, or rituals.

2. Language difficulties People with dementia are often unable to understand instructions or to follow
the logic of moderately complex sentences. He or she may not understand his
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or her own sentences, and have difficulty forming thoughts into words.
Occasionally, everyone has trouble finding the right word, but a person with
dementia often forgets simple words or substitutes unusual words, making
speech or writing hard to understand.

3. Confusion This behaviour causes a person with dementia to become "estranged" from
others and to be unpredictable in interactions. Confusion can also occur
"acutely", that is, suddenly and limited in time (for example, triggered by a
hospital stay). In addition to this general confusion, people with dementia are
disoriented in time and place. They often forget the current time and get lost in
a familiar environment.
 Vocabularies in Symptoms
4. Inability to perform familiar People with dementia often find it hard to complete everyday tasks that
tasks are so familiar we usually do not think about how to do them. In
particular, people with dementia have great problems carrying out
activities in the proper sequence. For instance, they may not know in
what order to put on their clothes.
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5. Difficulty with abstract People with dementia often show unusual difficulty performing mental
thinking tasks. For instance, planning tasks, making decisions, or organising
projects become more and more difficult. They also lose the ability to
make simple monetary transactions such as paying a bill.

6. Misplacing belongings Anyone can temporarily misplace his/her wallet or keys. A person with
dementia may put things in unusual places such as an iron in the fridge
or a wristwatch in the sugar bowl.
 Vocabularies in Symptoms

7. Rapid mood swings People with dementia become extremely moody, switching between
emotions within a matter of seconds for no apparent reason.
Alternatively, a person with dementia may show less emotion than
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s/he used to do previously.

8. Behavioural changes A person with dementia may seem different from his/her usual self
in ways that are difficult to identify or explain. A person may become
suspicious, irritable, depressed, apathetic, anxious, or agitated,
especially in situations where memory problems are causing
difficulties.

9. Apathy/ lack of initiative A person with dementia may become very passive, sitting in front of
the television for hours, sleeping more than usual, or appear to lose
interest in hobbies.
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