First Aid

Help given to a sick or injured

person until full medical
treatment is available
 First Aid Kit
 A first aid kit is a collection of supplies and
equipment for use in giving first aid

 Made up of different contents depending on who

has assembled the kit & for what purpose
FIRST AID SYMBOL

ISO First Aid Symbol Symbol of Red Cross

MEDICAL RESOURCES ON A LIFEBOAT & LIFERAFT
 Lifeboats, life rafts, life floats, and buoyant apparatus should carry certain
provisions.

 Every lifeboat on an ocean - going, seagoing, or coastal ship or a self – propelled

vessel should be equipped with a first-aid kit.

 Ships sailing on infrequently used waterways or in colder climates should, in

addition, carry a more complete survival kit (see Table 28.1) that is kept at
temperatures above freezing but not above room temperature, protected by
waterproof packaging and ready to be placed aboard lifeboats or life rafts when
needed.
GENERAL SURVIVAL HINTS

 Warmth, rest and sleep are natural best cure for survivors at
sea. Sea sick tablets cover for loss of moisture and distress
caused by vomiting.

 Do not swim in very cold weather to avoid wasting of energy,

swallowing sea water and heat loss.

 Do not jump into cold water which may occur uncontrollable

breathing leads to drowning at sea.

 Unnecessary swimming will pump out warm water between

body and layer of clothing, increase body beat loss.

 Keep floating as still as possible. Swim only when absolutely

necessary.
 If you find an unconscious person……….

1. Open Airway
2. Check Breathing

Place in Recovery Position if

3. Check Circulation casualty has breathing & pulse
The position for an unconscious patient:

 turn him face down, head to one side; no

pillows should be used under the head.

 Pull up the leg and the arm on the side to

which the head is facing. Pull up the chin.

 Stretch other arm out, as shown.

 His clothes should be loosened at the

neck and waist, and any artificial teeth

Recovery Position
If NO Breathing & Pulse
Perform CPR
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Position the victim

tim ’s
vi c
ld the
Ho neck

Place the victim

on Flat and
Firm surface
in Horizontal;
Supine position
 Rescuer’s position

 Kneel down at the side of the victim

 Position at the center of the chest
 Steps in BLS algorithm
1. Make sure the victim, any bystanders, and you are safe.

2.Check the victim for a response.

Gently shake his shoulders and ask loudly, ‘Are you all right?’

3. A: If he responds:
Recovery position and Reassess regularly

3. B: If he does not respond:

Shout for help.
Turn the victim onto his back and then open the airway using head
tilt and chin lift:
Place your hand on his forehead and gently tilt his head back.
With your fingertips under the point of the victim's chin, lift the chin to open
the airway.
 Steps in BLS algorithm
4. Keeping the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal
breathing.
Look, listen, and feel for no more than 10 sec to determine if the
victim is breathing normally. If you have any doubt whether
breathing is normal, act as if it is not normal.

5. A: If he is breathing normally:
Recovery position and Reassess

5. B: If he is not breathing normally:

Start chest compression.
 Steps in BLS algorithm

6. A: Combine chest compression with rescue breaths.

Chest compression followed by 2 rescue breaths
Stop to recheck the victim only if he starts breathing normally;
otherwise do not interrupt resuscitation.
If there is more than one rescuer present, another should take over CPR about every
2 min to prevent fatigue. Ensure the minimum of delay during the changeover of
rescuers.

6. B: Chest-compression-only CPR.
unwilling, to give rescue breaths, give chest compressions only.
100 a minute.
Stop to recheck the victim only if he starts breathing normally; otherwise do not
interrupt resuscitation.

7. Continue resuscitation until: qualified help arrives or exhausted.

 (A – Open Airway)

Airway obstruction Head Tilt and

produced by tongue
and epiglottis
Chin lift
 (Check Breathing for 5- 10 seconds)

Look
Chest movement

Listen
Breath sound

Feel
Exhale air
Location of center of the sternum
Location of center of the sternum

zd
 Chest Compression at least 100 - 120/minute
(30 Compressions : 2 Breaths)

Place the heel of one hand

The long axis of the heel of the rescuer’s
on the center of the sternum
Hand should be placed on
and place the other hand;
the long axis of the sternum
Overlapped and interlocked
Steps in Rescue Breathing
After 30 compressions open the airway
again using head tilt and chin lift.
• Pinch the soft part of the victim’s nose
closed, using the index finger and
thumb of your hand on his forehead.
• Allow his mouth to open, but maintain
chin lift.
• Take a normal breath and place your
lips around his mouth, making sure that
you have a good seal.
• Blow steadily into his mouth whilst
watching for his chest to rise; take about
one second to make his chest rise as in
normal breathing; this is an effective
rescue breath.
Steps in Rescue Breathing contd.

• Maintaining head tilt and chin lift, take your

mouth away from the victim and watch for his
chest to fall as air comes out.
• Take another normal breath and blow into the
victim’s mouth once more to give a total of two
effective rescue breaths. The two breaths
should not take more than 5 s. Then return
your hands without delay to the correct
position on the sternum and give a further 30
chest compressions.
• Continue with chest compressions and rescue
breaths in a ratio of 30:2.