1.

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

2. PROFICIENCY IN PERSONAL SURVIVAL

TECHNIQUES

3. PERSONAL SAFETY AND SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITIES

4. ELEMENTARY FIRST AID

1. FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
1. Fire prevention and fire fighting
 Each of these three elements must be present at
the same time to have a fire. A fire will burn until
one or more of the elements is removed.
Fuel
Any combustible material – solid, liquid or gas

Heat
Oxygen
The energy necessary to
The air we breathe is
increase the temperature of
about 21% oxygen –
fuel to where sufficient
fire needs only
vapors are given off for
11.4% oxygen more
ignition to occur
 There are 4 classes of fire:
Class A
Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as
wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and some plastics.
Class B
Flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline,
kerosene, paint, paint thinners and propane.
Class C
Flammable or combustible gas such as CNG, LNG
and propane
Class D
Certain combustible metals, such as magnesium,
titanium, potassium, and sodium.
Class K
Cooking oils, trans-fats, or fats
 To Prevent Fires

Class  Ordinary Combustibles:

• Keep storage and working areas free of trash.

• Place oily rags in covered containers.

Class  Flammable liquids

 Don’t refuel gasoline-powered equipment in a confined space,

in the presence of an open flame, or while the equipment is
hot.

 Keep flammable liquids stored in a tightly closed container and

away from spark producing sources.

 Use flammable liquids only in well ventilated areas.

Class  Flammable Gases:

 Methane Gas.(CNG)
 Butane(LNG)
 Propane (LPG)
Class  Flammable metals:

• Knowledge of the properties of the metals and using good

judgment and common sense will assist you in controlling or
avoiding potential fires/reactions.
Class K cooking oils, trans-fats, or fats

- fire extinguishers are for fires that involve cooking oils, trans-
fats, or fats in cooking appliances and are typically found in
restaurant and cafeteria kitchens. Geometric symbol (black
hexagon)
Signs of a fire
Fire Fighting Equipment
Fire Fighting from Support Ship
Fire Fighting Flood Water Can Sink a Ship
Save the Ship
=
Save the Crew
2. PROFICIENCY IN PERSONAL SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES
•PERSONAL SEA
•SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES
 SURVIVAL
An action, ability or effort exerted by a person
or a group of person in order to continue to live
in the midst of a disastrous situation. It is a
struggle for existence.

S- Size up the situation

U- Undue Haste Make Waste
R- Remember Where you Are
V- Vanquish Fear and Panic
I- Improvise
V- Value Living
A- Act Wisely and Properly
L- Learn Basic Skills
 7 STEPS TO SURVIVAL
RECOGNITION
INVENTORY
SHELTER
SIGNALS
WATER
FOOD
PLAY
 HAZARDS OF SURVIVAL
HEALTH HAZARDS
Immersion Foot
Hypothermia
Seasickness
Constipation
Frost bite
Salt water burns and boils
Sore eyes
 HAZARDS OF SURVIVAL
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Bad Weather/climate
Sea Creatures (sharks, sting rays, poisonous fish)
Other water hazards (toxic substances in the water)
 HEATSTROKE- RESPONSE TO HEAT
CHARACTERIZED BY EXTREMELY HIGH
BODY TEMPERATURE AND DISTURBANCE
OF THE THE SWEATING MECHANISM.
 HEAT EXHAUSTION- RESPONSE TO HEAT
CHARACTERIZED BY FATIGUE, WEAKNESS
AND COLLAPSE DUET TO INADEQUATE
INTAKE OF WATER TO COMPENSATE FOR
LOSS OF FLUID TO SWEATING.
 IMMERSION FOOT- CONDITION WHEN THE
TEMPERATURE OF THE TISSUES OF THE
LIMBS REMAINS SUB NORMAL BUT ABOVE
FREEZING FOR A LONG PERIOD.
 HYPOTHERMIA-LOWERING OF BODY
TEMPERATURE DUE TO EXPOSURE TO
COLAD AIR OR WATER OR A COMBINATION
OF LOW TEMPERATURE AND WIND.
 FROSTBITE- WHEN TISSUE FLUIDS FREEZE
 PRIORITIES DURING SURVIVAL
1. PROTECTION
2. SUSTENANCE
3. MEDICAL TREATMENT
4. GENERAL HEALTH
5. TRAINING AND PREPARATION
VALUE OF TRAINING AND DRILLS
Training and drills are conducted onboard to make sure that the crew
constantly know their duties in an emergency
It is during drills when defective equipment are detected
 CAUSES OF EMERGENCIES ON
BOARD
Carelessness
Deliberate disregard of safety rules and
notices
Lack of knowledge
Lack of awareness of existing hazards of the profession
 MUSTER LIST/STATION BILL
It is a plan of action before an emergency situation would arise
Are notices required by Solas Convention to be placed onboard ships
Its main purpose is to give instruction to each crew on what to do in
cases of emergency
CONSIDERATIONS TO FOLLOW BY EACH
CREW:

What is my duty?
Do I understand what to do?
What and where is the equipment to be used?
Who gives the order?
To whom shall I report?
What are the alarms/signals?
 ALARMS/SIGNALS
GENERAL ALARM- 7 short + 1 long blast + PA

On hearing the alarm:

All personnel must proceed immediately to their designated muster station
Perform respective duties and responsibilities
Team leaders must muster and report readiness to the bridge
 TYPES OF EMERGENCY
Man overboard
Abandonship Piracy
Pollution
Cargo contamination Engine/ electrical failure
Structural failure
Collision Serious injury, illness, death
Leakage
Fire
Flooding
Grounding
Heavy weather damage
terrorism
 Primitive life jackets can be traced back to inflated
bladders, animal skins, or hollow sealed gourds.

Dated Feb 1802 proposed issuing Royal Navy Ships with

“Strong canvas bags of dimensions, when filled with cork
shaving.

In 1804 a cork life jacket was available for sale in The

Sporting Magazine.

The modern life jacket is generally credited to one Captain

Ward, a Royal National Lifeboat Institution inspector In
the UK, who created a cock vest in 1854 to be worn by
lifeboat crews for both weather protection and buoyancy.

A Typical cock jacket from 1887

 The rigid cork material eventually came to be supplanted
by pouches containing watertight cell with Kapok, a
vegetable material.

These soft cells were much more flexible and comfortable

to wear compared with devices using hard cork pieces.

Men in Kapok suits on during

WWII
 The Mae West was a common nickname for the first
inflatable life preserver, which was invented in 1928 by
Peter Markus, with his subsequent improvements in 1930
and 1931.

It was popular during the WWII with US Army Air Force

and Royal Air force servicemen.

A “Mae West” life preserver

Actress “Mae West”
(Aug 1893-Nov 1980)
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
1. LIFEJACKET- are buoyant devices used for saving persons from
drowning by keeping their bodies afloat
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
2. LIFEBUOUYS
A RING SHAPED LIFE
PRESERVER
CONSTRUCTED OF
INHERENTLY BUOYANT
MATERIALS.
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES

3. IMMERSION SUIT- is
a protective suit which
reduces the body heat-loss
of a person wearing it in
cold water.
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES

4. Thermal Protective Aids- it is a bag or suit made of water proof

material with low thermal conductivity.
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
5. VISUAL SIGNALS
Rocket Parachute Flares
Hand Flares
Buoyant Smoke Signal
Waterproof Signal Torch
Heliograph Mirror
 PERSONAL LIFE SAVING
APPLIANCES
6. Audio Signal
A. Whistle
B. Radio Transmitting Devices
Portable radio
Emergency position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)
Search and Rescue Transponders (SART)
 SURVIVAL CRAFTS
It is a craft capable of sustaining the lives of persons in distress from
the time of abandoning the ship
Kinds of Survival Craft:
Liferaft
Lifeboat
Rescue boat
LIFERAFT
LIFEBOAT
Open
Partially enclosed
Totally enclosed
RESCUE BOAT
 ABANDONSHIP
Abandonship should only be considered in two circumstances:
When all measures to keep the vessel afloat have failed and the ship is in
sinking condition
It it is no longer possible to remain aboard because loss of life could
result from heat, smoke or any adverse condition.
 PERSONAL PREPARATION BEFORE
ABADONSHIP
Put plenty of warm clothing
Don your life jacket
Keep yourself always dry
Go to your muster station in an orderly manner
Board lifeboat/rafts
Do not jump into the water unless essential
If it is necessary to enter the water, choose a suitable place from which
to leave the ship.
 CREW DUTIES TO PASSENGER
Warning the passengers
Seeing that they are suitably clad and have donned their lifejackets
correctly
Assembling passengers in their muster station
Keeping order the passageways, stairways
Ensure that supply of blankets/food is taken to survival craft
3. PERSONAL SAFETY AND SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITIES
3. PERSONAL SAFETY AND SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITIES
4. ELEMENTARY FIRST
AID
 BASIC FIRST AID FOR
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
 SESSION OBJECTIVES

Recognize the benefits of obtaining

first-aid and CPR certification
Identify proper procedures for a variety
of medical emergencies
Assist in administering first aid when a
co-worker is injured
Do no further harm
 Prequiz:
True or False?
After an accident, immediately move the
victim to a comfortable position.
If a person is bleeding, use a tourniquet.
Signs of a heart attack include shortness
of breath, anxiety, and perspiration.
All burns can be treated with first aid
alone; no emergency medical attention
is necessary.
 HELP! EMERGENCY!

Minutes could
make a difference

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

FOUR BASIC RULES

1.2.Call
Bringforhelp
helptoimmediately
the victim
4.3.Do no further
Check harm
the ABCs
 ASSESS THE SCENE

Evaluate the scene

Assess safety
Prioritize care
Check for medical alert tags
Do head-to-toe check
Move only if necessary

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 NO BREATHING
•ADMINISTER CPR:
• LAY THE PERSON ON HIS OR HER BACK
• GIVE CHEST COMPRESSIONS
• TILT HEAD SLIGHTLY
• BREATHE INTO THE PERSON’S MOUTH
• CONTINUE UNTIL EMS PERSONNEL ARRIVE

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 BLEEDING
• STOP THE FLOW OF
BLOOD
• WEAR GLOVES
• COVER THE WOUND
• APPLY PRESSURE
• IF A BODY PART HAS
BEEN AMPUTATED,
PUT IT ON ICE

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 SHOCK

• LAY THE VICTIM

DOWN
• COVER
• RAISE FEET

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

• GIVE THE VICTIM

MEDICATION
• CALL FOR HELP ASAP
• START CPR IF
NECESSARY

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 HEART ATTACK
• ALARM SOUND
• MAKE VICTIM
COMFORTABLE
• LOOSEN TIGHT
CLOTHING
• CHECK FOR
MEDICATION
• KEEP VICTIM STILL
• DON’T GIVE
STIMULANTS
 CHOKING
• ASK A PERSON TO SPEAK
OR COUGH
• DELIVER 5 BACK BLOWS
• PERFORM ABDOMINAL
THRUSTS
• REPEAT SEQUENCE OF BACK
BLOWS AND ABDOMINAL
THRUSTS
 IF ABDOMINAL
THRUSTS DON’T WORK
• ALARM SOUND
• FINGER SWEEP
• ABDOMINAL THRUSTS
• CHECK ABCS
• PERFORM CPR IF
NOT BREATHING
 ELECTRICAL SHOCK

DON’T TOUCH!
TURN POWER OFF
ALARM SOUND
REMOVE PERSON
FROM LIVE WIRE
CHECK FOR BREATHING

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

Match the problem with the correct first-aid procedure.

Bleeding CPR
Choking Elevate feet
No breathing Keep victim still
Heart attack
Direct pressure
Shock
Abdominal thrusts
Sweeten deal
 REVIEW

•DO YOU UNDERSTAND

FIRST-AID PROCEDURES
FOR:
• NO BREATHING?
• BLEEDING?
• SHOCK?
• HEART ATTACK?
• CHOKING?
• ELECTRICAL SHOCK?
 EYE INJURIES

• SPLASHES
• PARTICLES IN EYE
• BLOW TO EYE
• CUTS NEAR EYE
• PENETRATING
OBJECTS

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 BURNS
• First-degree burns—Reddened, painful skin
• Second-degree burns—Blistering
• Third-degree burns—Charring, deep tissue damage

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 EXPOSURE TO
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
• EYES
• SKIN
• INHALATION
• INGESTION
 BROKEN BONES
• LOOK
• ASK
• TREAT FOR SHOCK

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 HEAT EXHAUSTION
• MOVE TO COOL
PLACE
• LAY VICTIM DOWN
• ELEVATE FEET
• LOOSEN CLOTHING
• GIVE FLUIDS
• APPLY COOL
COMPRESSES

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 HEATSTROKE

• IMMEDIATELY
ALARM SOUND
• COOL THE PERSON
DOWN
• MONITOR

© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110

 FAINTING
• CHECK FOR BREATHING
• ADMINISTER CPR IF
NECESSARY
• ALARM SOUND IF MORE THAN
A FEW MINUTES
• IF CONSCIOUS, LAY THE
VICTIM DOWN WITH FEET
ELEVATED
 EPILEPTIC SEIZURES

• REMOVE VICTIM
FROM HAZARDS
• CHECK FOR
BREATHING
• NOTHING IN THE
MOUTH
• KEEP COMFORTABLE
• ALARM SOUND IF
MEDICAL
ASSISTANCE IS
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 1110
 Multiple choice

Which is the worst a. First degree

kind of burn? b. Third degree
For a particle in a. Flush with water
the eye: b. Rub eye
For inhalation of a. Induce vomiting
vapors or gases: b. Move to fresh air
For heatstroke:
a. Sound alarm
b. Don’t sound alarm
 REVIEW

•DO YOU UNDERSTAND FIRST-

AID PROCEDURES FOR:
• EYE INJURIES?
• BURNS?
• EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS?
• BROKEN BONES?
• HEAT EXHAUSTION AND
HEATSTROKE?
• FAINTING?
• EPILEPTIC SEIZURES?
KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER

Medical emergencies can happen anytime.

Act quickly, calmly, and correctly.
Consider being certified in first aid
and CPR.