TABLE OF CONTENTS

Earthquake Hazard ……… 1

Volcanic Hazard ……… 3

Geological Hazards ……… 5

Hydro meteorological ……… 7

Fire Hazards ……… 9

Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan ………11

0
 Earthquake Hazards
Earthquake is what happens when to blocks of the Earth
suddenly slip past one another. An earthquake is an
intense shaking of the Earth's crust.
Potential Earthquake Hazards
1. Ground shaking -caused by rapid vibration of the
ground. It is produced by passing of seismic waves
beneath the structure that generates sudden slip on the
faults.
2. Ground rupture -is deformation on the ground that
marks the intersection of the fault with the earth’s
surface.
3. Liquefaction -is a transformation of a behavior of a body
of sediments of soil form to liquid form.
4. Tsunami -is a series of waves caused by earthquake
under the sea.

1
 Earthquake Hazard
Before During After
 Make sure you  Stay calm  Check yourself
have a first aid  Duck down to and others for
kit, a battery the floor, take injuries.
powered radio, cover under a Provide first aid
a flashlight, and sturdy table or for anyone who
extra batteries desk, and hold needs it.
at home. on until the  Turn on the
 Learn first aid. shaking stops. radio. Do not
 Make up a plan  If you are use the phone
of where to indoors, stand unless it is an
meet your against a wall emergency.
family after an near the center  Stay out of
earthquake. of the building, damaged.
 Do not leave stand in a  Expect
heavy objects doorway, or aftershocks.
on shelves crawl under
(they will fall heavy furniture
during a (a desk or
quake). table).

2
 Volcano-related Hazards
Volcanic eruption is when a gas and/or a lava released
from a volcano sometimes explosively.

Volcanic-related Hazards

1. Ballistic Projectiles -are rock fragments that are ejected

from volcanos mouth that are comparable to cannonballs.
2. Ash fall or tephra fall -are minute volcanic particles such
as pulverized rock, minerals and silicon which has fine to
coarse grain.
3. Pyroclastic flows -contain a highly density mix of hot
lava blocks, pumice ash and volcanic gases.
4. Lava flows -are streams of molten rocks that are poured
or oozed from an erupting vent.
5. Volcanic gases -magma contains dissolve gases which
provides the driving force that causes most volcanic
eruption.
6. Lahars -is a hot or cold mixture of water and rock
fragments that flows down the slopes and typically enters
a river valley.
7. Fissures - is an elongate fracture or crack at the surface
from which lava erupts.
3
 Volcanic Hazard
Before During After
 Prepare  Stay calm  Check yourself
emergency kit.  Follow and others for
 Get necessary evacuation injuries.
supplies in orders from Provide first aid
advance, local for anyone who
including authorities. needs it.
nonperishable Evacuate early.  Listen to the
foods, cleaning  Take radio for more
supplies and temporary updates.
water for shelter from  Listen to
several days, in volcanic ash in authorities to
case you must the location find out when
evacuate where you are. it is safe to
immediately or  If outside, return after an
if services are protect yourself eruption.
cut off. from falling  Stay indoors
 Learn about ash. until
community  Avoid driving in authorities say
warning heavy ash fall. it is safe to go
systems. outside.
4
 Geologic Hazard
Geological Hazards are caused by natural processes and
events that occur within an Earth's crust.

Potential Geological Hazards

1.Earthquake - an earthquake is a weak to violent

shaking of the ground produced by the sudden
movement of rock materials below the earth’s surface.
2.Landslides - the mass movement of rocks, debris, or
earth down a slope.
3.Sinkholes - a sinkhole is a depression in the ground
that has no natural external surface drainage.
4.Volcanic eruption - a volcanic eruption is when a gas
and/or lava are released from a volcano.
5.Tsunamis - tsunamis are giant waves caused by
earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea.

5
 Geological Hazards
Before During After
 Prepare  Stay calm.  Check yourself
Emergency kit.  Protect your and others for
 Learn first aid. head and body injuries.
 Maintain from falling or Provide first aid
emergency flying objects. for anyone who
food, water, and  Remain where needs it.
other supplies, you are. Think  Check food and
including a out your plan of water supplies.
flashlight, action first,  Turn on the
portable then move. radio and listen
battery-  If you must for emergency
operated radio, leave your broadcasts/
extra batteries, vehicle, move announcements,
medicines, and to an open area news reports,
clothing. quickly. and instructions.
 Decide how and  Follow the  Be prepared for
where your instructions of aftershocks.
family will other
reunite if authorities
separated.
6
 Hydro meteorological Hazards
Hydro meteorological Hazards are caused by extreme
meteorological and climate events.

Potential Hydro Meteorological Hazards

1.Typhoon - typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops

between 180° and 100° E in the Northern Hemisphere.
2.Flash flood - caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a
short period of time.
3.Flooding - typically occurs when prolonged rainfalls over
several days, when intense rainfalls over a short period of
time, or when an ice or debris jam causes a river or stream
to overflow onto the surrounding area.
4.El Niño - is characterized by unusually warmer than
average sea surface temperatures at the central and
eastern equatorial pacific.
5.La Niña - is a climate pattern that describes the cooling
of surface ocean waters along the tropical west coast of
South America.
6. Thunderstorms - A rain bearing cloud that also produces
lightning.

7
 Hydro meteorological Hazard
Before During After
 Prepare an  Stay calm  Check yourself
emergency  Evacuate when and others for
supply kit. It necessary and injuries. Provide
must include bring your first aid for
non- emergency anyone who
perishable supply kit. needs it.
food, water,  If you are in an  If your house
first aid kit, area being was heavily
clothes, a directly hit by damaged, ask
battery- the hazard, stay for the advice of
operated indoors as much authorities
radio, as possible. regarding its
flashlights and  If you are inside safety and
extra a house, move stability. Do not
batteries, and to a safe place. go inside the
a whistle. house if you are
 Check to see if uncertain of its
there is a need condition.
to fix in the
house.
8
 Fire hazards
Fire hazards are any actions, materials, or conditions that
might increase the size or severity of a fire or that might
cause a fire to start.

Potential Fire Hazards

1.Electrical Hazards - faulty wiring, overloaded circuits,

damage electrical cords, and improper use of electrical
equipment can lead to electrical fires.
2.Flammable materials - improper storage or handling of
flammable substances such as gasoline, propane, solvents,
and chemicals can create a fire risk.
3.Heating equipment - poorly maintained or
malfunctioning of heating systems can cause fires.
4.Cooking and kitchen hazards - Unattended cooking,
grease buildup on stovetops, and flammable materials
near heat sources can lead to kitchen fires.
5.Smoking - discarding cigarettes butts, improperly or
smoking in areas with flammable materials increases the
risk of fire.
6.Open flames - candles, matches can cause fire if not
used and monitored carefully.
9
 Fire Hazard
Before During After
 Make a  Stay Calm.  Following public
personalized  Get out and health guidelines
preparedness stay out. in your
emergency Follow your province/territory,
kit. escape plan. Do check on
 Make sure not stop. vulnerable family
everyone  If closed doors members, friends
knows where or handles are and neighbors
the fire warm, use an who may require
extinguishers alternate exit. special assistance.
are kept.  Crawl under  Only re-enter your
 Have practice low smoke. home if you are
drills with  Once you are authorized by
your family, outside, go to officials to do so.
so you know your  Take precautions
what to do designated while cleaning
and are meeting place your property.
prepared.

10
Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan

11
 This is for the fulfillment
of our project in
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
(Grade 11)
School year 2022 -2023.

12