Table of Contents

Earthquake Hazard……………………………. 1

Volcano- Related Hazard……………………. 3

Geological Hazard……………………………... 5

Hydro meteorological Hazard……………. 7

Fire Hazard…………………………………………. 9

Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan……11

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 Earthquake Hazard
Ground Rupture
Deformation on the ground that marks, the intersection of the fault
with the earth’s surface.
Effects: fissuring, displacement of the ground due to movement of the
fault.
Ground Shaking
Disruptive up, down, and sideways vibration of the ground during an
earthquake.
Effects: ground shaking are damage or collapse of structure; may
consequently cause hazards such as liquefaction and landslide
Liquefaction
Phenomenon wherein sediments, especially near bodies of water,
behave like liquid similar to a quicksand.
Effects: sinking and/or tilting of structure above it; sand boil; fissuring.
Earthquake-induced landslide
Down slope movement of rocks, solid and other debris commonly
triggered by strong shaking.
Effects: erosion; burial and blockage of roads and rivers.
Tsunami: Series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake.

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What to do?
Before During After
 Learn first aid.  Stay calm! If you  Check
 Make up a plan are indoors, stay yourself and
of where to inside. If you are others for
meet your family outside, stay injuries.
after an outside. Provide first
earthquake.  Do not use aid for anyone
 Make sure you matches, candles, who needs it.
have a fire or any flame.  Turn on the
extinguisher, Broken gas lines radio. Do not
first aid kit, a and fire do not use the phone
battery-powered mix. unless it is an
radio.  If you are emergency.
 Do not leave outdoors, stay in  Stay away
heavy objects on the open away from
shelves. from power lines damaged
or anything that areas.
might fall.

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 Volcano-related Hazard
Lava flows
Lava flows are streams of molten rock that pour or ooze from an
erupting vent. Lava is erupted during either nonexplosive activity or
explosive lava fountains.
Pyroclastic Flows
Pyroclastic flow is hot ‘density currents’ consisting of mixtures of rock
debris and gas that flow along the ground at high speed.
Lahars
Lahars are a Javanese word for a type of volcanic mudflow made up of
volcanic debris and hot or cold water.
Ash fall
Volcanic ash that has fallen through the air from an eruption cloud, a
deposit so formed is usually well sorted and layered.
Volcanic bomb
Volcanic bombs formed when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of
lava during an eruption and can be thrown many meters to kilometer
from an erupting vent.
Volcanic gas
Volcanic gases are composed mainly of water, carbon dioxide, and
sulfur dioxide.
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What to do?
Before During After
 Know the  As soon as the  Wear masks
signs of an ash fall tapers, when cleaning.
impending scrape off the  After
eruption such as ash that has removing the
the increase in accumulated on ash, clean the
the frequency of roof tops to roof and gutter
volcanic quakes. prevent with water to
 Prepare all collapse. prevent
necessary things  If you are corrosion.
to bring in case outside,  Shake loose
of immediately the ash from
evacuation: gas seeking cover in plants,
mask or clean case of ash or furniture, and
cloth, candles, rock falls. Wear windows before
matches, glasses to cleaning them
flashlights, extra protect your with water.
batteries. eyes. Cover your nose
while cleaning. 

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Geological Hazard
Earthquake
An earthquake is a weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by
the sudden movement of rock materials below the earth’s surface
Sink holes
A sinkhole is a depression in the ground that has no natural external
surface drainage.
Volcanic Eruption
A volcanic eruption is when gas and/or kava are released from a
volcano-sometimes explosively.
Landslide
The mass movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope is known as
landslide and it often takes place in conjunction with earthquakes,
floods, and volcanoes.
Tsunamis
Tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruption
under the sea.
Geological hazards are caused by natural processes and events occur
within earth’s crust.

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What to do?
Before During After
 Make sure you  Do the drop,  Check your
have a fire cover, and hold family members
extinguisher,  Do not panic,  Check for
first aid kit, a stay calm and injuries
battery powered relax  Be prepared
radio, a  Stay indoors for aftershocks
flashlight, and  Protect your  Listen to the
extra batteries body from radio for
at home. falling debris by updates
 Learn how to bracing yourself  Use
turn off gas, in a doorway or emergency kit.
water, and under sturdy
electricity. desk.
 Make a plan of  Look for exit
where to meet area.
your family after
an earthquake.

Hydro-meteorological Hazard
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Typhoon-is a tropical cyclone that develops between 180 degrees and
100 degrees E in the Northern Hemisphere.
Flash Flood- caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of
time, generally less than 6 hours.
Flooding-typically occurs when prolonged rainfalls over several days,
when intense rain falls over a short period of time, or when an ice or
debris jam causes a river or stream to overflow onto the surrounding
area.
El Niño- (warm phase of ENSO) is characterized by unusually warmer
than average sea surface temperatures at the central and eastern
equatorial Pacific.
La Niña- is a climate pattern that describes the cooling of surface-ocean
water along the tropical west coast of South America.
Storm Surges- is an abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over
and above the predicted astronomical tides.
Thunderstorm-a rain-bearing cloud that also produces lightning.

What to do?

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 Before During After
 If your  Stay  Return
house is in a indoors and home only
flood prone listen to the after
area, listen to news for authorities
weather weather have deemed
updates and updates and the area safe.
research on flood  If you need
the tides. warnings. to evacuate,
 Prepare  Disconnect stay calm.
candles, appliances in Close the
flashlights, and your house or windows, turn
extra batteries turn off the off the main
in case the main electrical electricity
power goes switch. switch and
out.  If you need bring your
 Listen to to evacuate, survival kit.
the radio or stay calm.  Check
watch TV for  Stay calm yourself for an
news updates. and follow injury.
 Store food your barangay  Turn on
and Medicines evacuation. the radio.

Fire Hazards
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Electrical Hazards-the following hazards are the most frequent causes
of electrical injuries: contact with power lines, lack of ground-fault
protection, path to ground missing or discontinuous, equipment not
used in manner prescribed, and improper use of extension and flexible
cords.
Flammable Materials- are the ones that are ignited or flame
immediately when contacting with fire or high temperature in the air
and continue to burn or slightly flame when leaving fire, such as
plywood, fiberboards, wood and foil.
Heating Equipment’s-means any equipment designed, used, and
intended to be used to supply heat for a structure.
Cooking and Kitchen Hazards- common risk in the kitchen is gas tank
leaking.
Smoking- cigarette and smoking related fires are among the top causes
of fire related fatalities. These fires often involve the ignition of
mattresses, bedding, up holstered furniture or trash by improperly
discarded cigarettes, ashes or matches.

What to do?

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 Before During After
 The key to  Get out  Only re-
staying safe is and stay out. enter your
to prepare and Follow your home if you
to have an escape plan. are authorized
emergency Do not stop. by officials to
plan in place.  If closed do so.
 Install doors or  Have
smoke alarms handles are injuries
and carbon warm, use an treated by a
monoxide alternate exit. medical
detectors on  Crawl professional.
every level of under low  Contact
your home. smoke. your local
 Ensure  Once you government
everyone are outside, go office for help
knows to call to your in finding
emergency designated temporary
hotlines. meeting place housing if you
 Have a fire and then send cannot stay in
extinguisher one person to your home
and a fire exit. call the fire. due to fire.
Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan
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 This is for the fulfillment
Of our project in
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
(Grade 11)
School year 2022-2023.

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