Table of contents

Potential Earthquake Hazards………………….3

Potential Volcano-related Hazards…….….….5

Potential Geological Hazards…………………….7

Potential Hydrometeorological Hazards……9

Fire Hazards………………………………………………11

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Potential Earthquake Hazard 

Ground Rupture  
Deformation on the ground that marks, the intersection
of the fault with the earth’s surface. 

Ground Shaking 
A term used to describe the vibration of the ground
during an earthquake. 

Liquefaction 
A phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil
is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. 

Earthquake-induced Landslide  
Down slope movement of rocks, solid and other debris
commonly triggered by strong shaking. 

Tsunami 
Series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake. 

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What to do?
Before During After
1. Prepare an 1. Drop, cover 1. Check for
emergency kit. and hold on. family
2. Know your exit. 2. Do not members 
3. Secure your panic.  2. Check for
house.  3. Beware of injuries 
4. Discuss your plan falling objects. 3. Check for
into your family. 4. Stay away damages
5. Have a list of from glass and 4. Stay out of
emergency windows.  damaged
numbers.  5. You should buildings.
be 5. Be careful
knowledgeable. around
6. If you are broken glass
unable to move and debris.
from a bed or
chair, protect  
yourself from
falling objects
by covering up
with blankets
and pillows.
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Volcano-related Hazard 

Lava flows  
Lava flows are flows of magma extruded onto the surface
of a volcano. 
Pyroclastic flow   
Pyroclastic flow are hot density currents consisting of
mixture of rocks debris and gas that flow along the ground
at high speed. 
Lahars  
Lahars are the Javanese word for a type of volcanic
mudflow made up of volcanic debris and hot or cold
water. 
Ash fall  
Volcanic ash that has fallen through the air from an
eruption cloud, a deposit so formed is usually well sorted
and layered. 
Volcanic bomb  
Volcanic bombs formed when a volcano ejects viscous
fragments of lava during an eruption and can be thrown
many meters to kilometers from an erupting vent. 
Volcanic gas  

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Volcanic gases are composed mainly of water, carbon
dioxide, sulfur dioxide. 
What to do?
Before During After
1. Have your 1. Shelter in 1. Stay indoor until
emergency kit place.   local officials say it
ready for 2. Do not is safe to leave. 
evacuation.  drive if 2. Assess the
2. Review the there is too damage done to
city’s much ash your home. 
evacuation fall.  3. Remove ashes
routes.  3. Stay from your roof
3. Gas up your away from (carefully). 
car and charge exclusion 4. Wear facemask
all devices.  zones (river, when cleaning. 
4. Stay tuned to downwind). 5. Scrape the
the local media.  4. Use an accumulated ash in
5. Cover N95 roofs to prevent
windows and respiratory collapse. 
door openings mask and 6. Shake loose ash
inside the googles if from plants before
house.   needed.  watering.
 
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Geological hazards  

Earthquake 
An earthquake is a weak to violent shaking of the ground
produced by the sudden movement of rock material
below the earth's surface. 

Sinkholes  
A sinkhole is a depression in the ground that has no
natural external surface drainage. 

Volcanic eruption 
A volcanic eruption is when gas and/or lava are release
from a volcano-sometimes explosively. 

Landslide 
The mass movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope
is known as Landslide and it often takes place to
conjunction with earthquakes, floods, and volcanoes. 

Tsunamis  

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Tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes or
volcanic eruptions under the sea. 
What to do?
Before During After
1. Secure heavy 1. Stay calm  1.Check yourself
furniture, hanging 2. If you are and 
plants, heavy indoors, stand others for
pictures, or against a wall injuries.  
mirrors.   near the 2.Provide first aid
2. Keep flammable center of the for anyone who
or hazardous building  needs it. 
liquids in cabinets 3. Stay away 3.Check water,
or on lower from windows gas, and electric
shelves. and outside lines for damage.
3. Maintain food, doors.  If any are
water, and other 4. If you are damaged, shut off
supplies, including outdoors, stay the valves. 
a flashlight, a in the open 4.Turn on the
portable battery- away from radio. Do not use
operated radio, power lines or the phone unless
extra batteries, anything that it is an
medicines, first might fall.  emergency. 
aid kit and 5. Stay away 5.Stay out of
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 clothing.  from buildings  damaged
buildings. 
Hydro-meteorological hazards 

Typhoon 
A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that develops between
180° and 100° E in the northern hemisphere. 
Flash flood  
A flood caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short
period of time, generally less than 6 hours. 
Flooding  
Flooding typically occurs when prolonged rainfalls over
several days, when intense rainfalls over a short period of
time. 
El Niño 
El Niño is characterized by unusually warmer than average
sea surface temperatures at the central and eastern
equatorial pacific. 
La Niña  
La Niña is a climate pattern that describes the cooling of
surface-ocean waters along the tropical west coast of
South America. 

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What to do?
Before During After
1. Store 1. Keep calm  1. Check for
necessities such 2. Listen to injuries. 
as food, medicine weather 2. Wait for any
and drinking updates by PAG- announcements
water.  ASA.  from local
2. Have a working 3. Do not go authorities to know
flashlight, near windows if it is safe to return
batteries, candles and doors.  home. 
and matches 4. Unplug any 3. Report fallen
ready.  electrical power lines or
3. Make plans equipment if cracked roads to
with your family you see any local authorities. 
members for signs of water 4. Check your house
evacuation to a rising to prevent for any damage and
higher or safer electrocution.  do needed repairs
ground.  5. Move to a immediately. 
4. Clean safer ground 5. Watch out for
waterways to and bring live wires or any
prevent flooding.  necessities with electrical outlet

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 you.   immersed in water. 

Fire Hazard 

Electrical Hazard 
The following hazards are the most frequent causes of
electrical injuries: contact with power lines, lack of
ground-fault protection, path to ground missing or
discontinuous, equipment not used in manner prescribed,
and improper use of extension and flexible cords. 
Flammable materials 
Flammable materials are the ones that are ignited or
flame immediately when contacting with fire or high
temperature in the air and continue to burn or slightly
flame when leaving fire, such as plywood, fiberboard,
wood, and foil. 
Heating Equipment  
Heating Equipment means any equipment designed, used,
and intended to be used to supply heat for a structure. 
Cooking and Kitchen Hazards 
Common risk in the kitchen is gas tank leaking. 
Smoking Cigarette and smoking related fires are among
the top causes of fire related fatalities. These fires often
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involve the ignition of mattresses, bedding, upholstered
fur.

What to do?
Before During After
1. Set a family 1. Keep calm.  1. Continue to
emergency 2. Stop, drop and check in with
communications plan.  roll if you or your news updates for
2. Know your family’s clothes information
catch on fire.  about fire. 
evaluation routes. 
3. If you see fire 2. Return home
3. Ensure everyone approaching or if only when
knows how to call you are trapped, authorities see it
emergency hotlines.  call emergency is safe. 
4. Ensure that all hotlines.  3. Have a
household members 4. Remain calm professional
know at least two and evacuate examiner go to
ways to escape from immediately.  your home to
every room in your 5. Wear N95 make sure it is
home. masks to protect ready and safe.
your lungs from 4. Let friends and
harmful family know you
particles. are safe.

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Fire Emergency and Evacuation Plan

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 This is for the fulfillment
Of our project in
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction
(Grade 11)
School year 2022-2023.

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